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Questions and Answers

What does the final kommos in the play emphasize about Kreon’s character?

  • His reconciliatory nature towards the community
  • His unwavering confidence and authority
  • His logical approach to his family's tragedies
  • His emotional distress and chaotic speech (correct)

    • Which of the following elements is NOT mentioned as part of the extended invocation related to Dionysus?

  • Address and epithets
  • References to Hades (correct)
  • Information about his birth
  • Localities and attributes

    • Which character arrives to learn the fate of Antigone and Haimon?

  • The Messenger
  • Kreon
  • Eurydike (correct)
  • The Chorus

    • The moral of the story as presented by the chorus at the end of the play focuses on which of the following themes?

    <p>Piety and good sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of language is implied to reference Haimon and Antigone in the content?

    <p>Mythical and mystical language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which numen is associated with the protection of the household in Roman mythology?

    <p>Lares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contrasts with Kreon’s erratic and chaotic speech in the final scenes?

    <p>The calm demeanor of the chorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The messenger’s account of Kreon’s downfall is framed as which of the following?

    <p>A sympathetic portrayal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Zeus swallowing the pregnant lady?

    <p>It signifies Zeus's fear of losing his power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characters is associated with labor unions and craft?

    <p>Hephaestus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act does Zeus perform on Cronus?

    <p>He induces vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who gives birth to Typhoneus as a result of a maternal influence?

    <p>Gaia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary motivator behind the development of comparative approaches to myth?

    <p>European colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in James Frazer's comparative approach to myth?

    <p>Analyze historical accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which god is known as the messenger god in Greek mythology?

    <p>Hermes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Dionysus's character is highlighted by the story of drugging and consuming the queen's son?

    <p>His quest for acceptance as a god.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of the character Prometheus in Greek mythology?

    <p>He symbolizes forethought and planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event directly leads to Zeus's anger towards Prometheus?

    <p>Prometheus tricks Zeus into choosing bad meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Pandora release from her jar, according to the myth?

    <p>All bad things except hope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Aetiology' refer to in the context of Greek mythology?

    <p>A story explaining the origin of a custom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Hittite succession myth, who overthrows Alalu?

    <p>Anu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of ritual mentioned in the content?

    <p>Hosting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the traditional conditions of the sacrificial feast at Mecone?

    <p>The bones are wrapped in fat and burned as a gift to the gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique physical characteristic does Pandora possess that signifies her duality?

    <p>She has a beautiful exterior with an evil nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does fire play in the myth involving Prometheus?

    <p>It is a symbol of divine power that must be withheld.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Alalu, Anu, and Kumarbi related in the Hittite myth?

    <p>They are a succession of rulers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Cretan bull in Theseus's myth?

    <p>It is considered the finest bull that Minos failed to sacrifice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characters is directly involved in the creation of the Minotaur?

    <p>Pasiphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Herakles' legacy is emphasized in the content?

    <p>His numerous cults spread throughout the Greek world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation is seen in the iconography of Herakles over time?

    <p>He initially appears bearded and later is depicted without a beard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character did Theseus encounter who was known for his deceptive practices?

    <p>Procrustes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the concept of reputation and a form of immortality through continued existence in future song?

    <p>KELOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heroic concept encompasses the idea of honour and recognition of status by others?

    <p>TIME</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental flaw distinguishes ancient Greek heroes from modern perceptions of heroism?

    <p>They possess human-like qualities and faults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event ignites a new rage in Achilles during the Iliad?

    <p>The death of his friend Patroclus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Iliad, which character is primarily responsible for the deaths of many Achaeans?

    <p>Hector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of AIDOS represent in ancient Greek heroic culture?

    <p>Concern for vulnerable individuals and self-respect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary device does the Iliad use when it states one thing is another, like calling Achilles a 'lion'?

    <p>Metaphor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heroic concept is defined as the successful return home after a journey?

    <p>NOSTOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of the proem in the Iliad?

    <p>The wrath of Achilles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heroic concept is associated with hospitality and the mutual responsibilities of guest and host?

    <p>XENIA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ritual act is performed when someone supplicates another person?

    <p>Making a pleading speech and physical gestures of humility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key event prompts Priam's visit to Achilles?

    <p>Hector's body remains unburied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotions does Achilles experience during Priam's supplication?

    <p>Empathy and sorrow for his own father</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Achilles and Priam have in common during their encounter?

    <p>Both have not eaten due to loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Hector's body treated compared to Patroclus', according to the events in Iliad 24?

    <p>Hector's body is protected while Patroclus' is mistreated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Achilles agree to after Priam's supplication?

    <p>Return Hector's body for burial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant action do the Trojans undertake after Hector's body is returned?

    <p>They build a burial mound for Hector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates Priam to insist on going to ransom Hector's body despite his wife's pleas?

    <p>His duty as a king to recover his son</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event triggers Demeter's grief and refusal to allow crops to grow?

    <p>The abduction of Persephone by Hades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the Great Mother archetype represent?

    <p>A maternal deity associated with creation, fertility, and seasonality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Persephone's story serve as an aetiology in mythology?

    <p>It explains the origin of the seasons and the cycle of life and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Demophon trying to achieve with Demeter's assistance?

    <p>To achieve immortality with the help of fire and ambrosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of items were commonly part of the ancient Greek agricultural economy?

    <p>Barley, grapes, and various legumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which important theme is linked directly to the relationship between Demeter and Persephone?

    <p>The transition from girlhood to motherhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the myth of Inanna and Dumuzi similar to that of Persephone?

    <p>Both include a journey to an underworld with themes of resurrection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the Eleusinian Mysteries in ancient Greek culture?

    <p>The initiation into the mysteries surrounding life and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Demeter play in the myth of Demophon?

    <p>She attempts to grant him immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of Demeter’s search for Persephone?

    <p>It causes a widespread famine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of Theseus forgetting Aegeus' instructions about the sails?

    <p>Aegus committed suicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What task did Jason have to complete to claim the golden fleece?

    <p>Yoke wild bulls and sow dragon's teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character helps Theseus navigate the labyrinth?

    <p>Ariadne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Theseus' downfall at the end of his life?

    <p>A fall from a cliff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs as part of the Theban Cycle stories?

    <p>Oedipus killing his father.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial element of Greek drama as highlighted in the content?

    <p>Choreographed dance songs performed by the chorus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Medea in Jason's quest for the golden fleece?

    <p>She aids him with her magical abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Theseus' story reflect Athenian culture?

    <p>It emphasizes the virtues the Athenians admired in themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tragic fate befalls Hippolytus as a result of Phaedra's actions?

    <p>He is cursed and meets death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of Theseus' adventures according to the myths?

    <p>The transfer of power from Crete to Athens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of the stories in the Theban Cycle?

    <p>They focus on familial tragedies and conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of punishment does Medea enact on Pelias?

    <p>She orchestrates his murder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Theseus characterized in the context of Athenian art and culture?

    <p>As an ideal king and culture hero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic does Penelope use to delay remarriage?

    <p>She weaves and unravels a tapestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Odysseus test the loyalty of those in his home upon his return?

    <p>He disguises himself and observes their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key themes represented in the recognition scenes of Odysseus?

    <p>Reunion and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives Perseus to seek the head of Medusa?

    <p>A challenge presented by the king Polydectes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Danae initially respond to being confined by her father?

    <p>She accepts her fate with grace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supernatural aid does Perseus receive to defeat Medusa?

    <p>Wings from Hermes and a cap of invisibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying conflict present among the suitors of Penelope?

    <p>They compete for her affection through wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prophecy influences the actions of Acrisius concerning his daughter and grandson?

    <p>He will be destroyed by his daughter's son.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the theme of deception play in Odysseus's journey?

    <p>It enables him to reclaim his home without revealing his identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event leads to Perseus and Danae being put in a chest and cast into the sea?

    <p>A decision made by Acrisius out of fear of a prophecy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the term 'Theogony'?

    <p>The origins of the gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which figure is NOT considered a primordial being emerging from chaos?

    <p>Kronus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Aphrodite come into existence?

    <p>From the genitals of Uranus thrown into the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates titans from giants in Hesiod's Theogony?

    <p>Giants are born from the castration of Uranus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do divine beings consume that distinguishes them from humans?

    <p>Nectar and ambrosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the third generation of gods known as the Olympians?

    <p>Kronus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monsters defined in Hesiod’s Theogony?

    <p>As beings that are neither human nor gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who castrated Uranus, leading to the birth of the giants?

    <p>Kronus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does Zeus take against Cronus?

    <p>Induces vomiting in him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates Gaia to make Zeus fall in love with her?

    <p>Aphrodite's influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was Athena born according to the myth?

    <p>After Zeus swallowed her mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which god is known for being a craftsman and associated with labor unions?

    <p>Hephaestus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of James Frazer's comparative approach to myth?

    <p>Understanding and explaining common mythological elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Dionysus is highlighted through his actions?

    <p>His manipulation through drugs and deceit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of Artemis?

    <p>She leads a life of celibacy in the forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Zeus's reaction when he felt threatened by a potential offspring?

    <p>He swallowed the pregnant mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does morality hinge on according to the content?

    <p>The willingness to follow established behavioral rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the act of recklessly disregarding conventional behavior?

    <p>Atasthalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an act of atasthalia as described in the content?

    <p>Vengeance in the form of tisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs during the Polyphemos episode?

    <p>Odysseus successfully blinds Polyphemus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Odysseus plan to deal with the suitors upon his return to Ithaka?

    <p>He disguises himself and seeks assistance from his son</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Athena play in Odysseus's return to Ithaka?

    <p>She assists him in plotting against the suitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tisis narrative emphasize in the context of the Polyphemos episode?

    <p>The inevitability of vengeance as a response to harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Achilles do after Priam supplicates him for Hector's body?

    <p>He agrees to return Hector's body and shares food with Priam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Priam initially approach Achilles to plead for Hector?

    <p>He humbly kneels, kisses Achilles’ hands, and begs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the funeral games held for Patroclus?

    <p>They contrast with the neglect of Hector's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does Zeus take regarding Hector's body?

    <p>He sends Hermes to protect the body from defilement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates Priam to continue his journey to Achilles despite his wife's pleas?

    <p>His belief in the honor of retrieving Hector’s body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Achilles encourage Priam during their meal together?

    <p>By referring to Niobe, who allowed herself to eat despite her losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tradition do the Trojans follow after Hector's body is returned to them?

    <p>They build a pyre, burn his body, and construct a burial mound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Lucretia take after revealing her story to her husband and Brutus?

    <p>She killed herself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Roman myths compared to Greek myths?

    <p>They reflect a stronger patriarchal society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marks the beginning of the Roman Republic according to the provided content?

    <p>Brutus's revolt against the Etruscan monarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme is prominently featured in Vergil's Aeneid?

    <p>The inevitability of fate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates Dido's emotions towards Aeneas?

    <p>A spell cast by Venus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Jupiter in the Aeneid as characterized in the provided content?

    <p>He acts as a mediator between gods and humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vergil's works, which theme is not emphasized?

    <p>Rejection of traditional values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depicted about Dido's character in the context provided?

    <p>She showcases both strength and vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Aeneas's journey emphasizes the themes of personal sacrifice and duty?

    <p>His commitment to founding a new homeland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event was a catalyst for Octavian’s rise as emperor?

    <p>The naval battle of Actium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tactic does Penelope use to fend off the suitors during Odysseus' absence?

    <p>She uses clever ruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme from the Odyssey contrasts with the perspectives presented in the Iliad?

    <p>Nostos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as a result of Odysseus eating the cattle on Helios' island?

    <p>He is punished by both Poseidon and Helios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is telemachus' primary struggle during Odysseus' absence?

    <p>He must confront the suitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the narrative order of the Odyssey differ from traditional storytelling?

    <p>It involves simultaneous events and non-linear storytelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Odysseus’ encounter with Polyphemus?

    <p>He steals sheep and blinds Polyphemus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character holds Odysseus captive for several years after his journey?

    <p>Calypso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two gods team up to punish Odysseus after he eats the cattle of Helios?

    <p>Poseidon and Helios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant source of inspiration for Roman gods' names?

    <p>Etruscan mythology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the beginning of Roman mythological history according to legends?

    <p>The founding of Rome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Amulius's strategy regarding Rhea Silvia?

    <p>He appointed her as a vestal virgin to ensure she bore no heirs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role did the Sabine women play in Roman mythology?

    <p>They were kidnapped to secure the future of the Roman population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Romulus take against Remus?

    <p>He killed him over a disagreement on the city's founding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What illustrates the origins of Rome's population growth strategy?

    <p>Offering asylum to fugitives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ultimate outcome of the long war between Romans and Sabines?

    <p>The war ended with a peace treaty facilitated by the abducted women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the myth of Romulus and Remus symbolize in Roman culture?

    <p>The theme of fratricide in the founding of Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Roman Mythology

    • Roman mythology reflects Roman patriarchy, and celebrates Roman pragmatic and military values.
    • It emphasizes piety, and incorporates elements from other cultures.
    • Major influences include native Roman religion (numina), Etruscan mythology and rituals, and Greek colonization of Italy.
    • Roman mythology contains elements of conflict and fratricides.

    Overview of Roman Gods

    • Janus: god of doorways and beginnings.
    • Robigo: god protecting crops from mildew.
    • Lares: ancestral household spirits.
    • Penates: household gods protecting supplies.

    Roman Kings

    • Numitor and Amulius ruled Alba Longa.
    • Amulius usurped the throne.
    • Romulus and Remus, twin brothers, were abandoned by their father and raised by a she-wolf.
    • Romulus founded Rome, and killed his brother Remus.
    • Tarquin the Proud was the last Etruscan King.

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