Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'philosophy' originate from?
What does the term 'philosophy' originate from?
Socrates is known as a student of Aristotle.
Socrates is known as a student of Aristotle.
False
Who proposed the Theory of Forms?
Who proposed the Theory of Forms?
Plato
______ is the branch of philosophy that studies questions regarding reality and existence.
______ is the branch of philosophy that studies questions regarding reality and existence.
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Match the philosopher with their main contribution:
Match the philosopher with their main contribution:
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Which branch of philosophy deals with moral questions and dilemmas?
Which branch of philosophy deals with moral questions and dilemmas?
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Holistic thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
Holistic thinking focuses on specific aspects of a situation.
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The capacity of humans to exercise introspection is known as ______.
The capacity of humans to exercise introspection is known as ______.
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What term refers to an individual who possesses full self-awareness?
What term refers to an individual who possesses full self-awareness?
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Anthropocentrism believes that humans are a part of a greater biological system.
Anthropocentrism believes that humans are a part of a greater biological system.
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Define sustainable development.
Define sustainable development.
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__________ refers to the ethical treatment of animals and inherent value of all organisms.
__________ refers to the ethical treatment of animals and inherent value of all organisms.
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Match the philosophers with their main ideas:
Match the philosophers with their main ideas:
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Which term describes the natural behavior of a person that distinguishes humans from animals?
Which term describes the natural behavior of a person that distinguishes humans from animals?
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Deep ecology values all living things equally regardless of their usefulness to humans.
Deep ecology values all living things equally regardless of their usefulness to humans.
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What does environmental integrity mean?
What does environmental integrity mean?
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Study Notes
Overview of Philosophy
- Derived from Greek terms 'philos' (love) and 'sophia' (wisdom) meaning "love of wisdom".
- Encompasses fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
Key Philosophers and Their Contributions
- Pythagoras: Mathematician known for the Pythagorean Theorem; viewed the universe as harmonious.
- Heraclitus: Proposed the concept of 'logos', suggesting everything exists according to a higher plan.
- Democritus: Focused on natural phenomena, contributing to early scientific thought.
- Epicurus: Believed philosophy promotes a life of happiness.
- Socrates: Foremost philosopher of ancient times, known for the Socratic method.
- Plato: Student of Socrates; introduced the Theory of Forms, positing that true knowledge is beyond sensory experience.
- Aristotle: Prominent student of Plato; emphasized that knowledge originates from sensory perception.
Philosophical Concepts
- Holistic Thinking: Considers overarching patterns within systems.
- Partial Thinking: Focuses on specific details of a situation.
- Aesthetics: Studies beauty and the nature of beautiful things.
- Logic: Concerns itself with correct reasoning.
- Epistemology: Examines the nature and limits of knowledge.
- Ethics: Involves moral questions and dilemmas.
- Political Philosophy: Investigates government structures and concepts of justice.
- Metaphysics: Explores questions concerning reality and existence.
Human and Self Reflection
- Philosophy of the Human Person: Understands individuals from a philosophical viewpoint.
- Reflection: Requires examining one's thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Human Self Reflection: Capacity for introspection.
Concepts of Existence and Identity
- Fact: Something that can be proven true or false.
- Opinion: A personal view or belief.
- Human: Refers to various classifications within the species.
- Human Being: Distinguishes humans from animals.
- Person: An individual with self-awareness.
- Personhood: Unique ethical status of being a person.
- Human Nature: Innate behaviors that differentiate humans from animals.
- Cognitive Self: Internal, unseen aspect of identity.
- Physical Self: Observable physical attributes.
- Embodied Spirit: The animating core of life within each individual.
- Human Transcendence: The ability to surpass personal limitations.
Environmental Philosophy
- Environmental Philosophy: Studies ethical relationships between humans and the environment.
- Anthropocentrism: Views nature primarily as a resource for human needs.
- Ecocentrism: Recognizes humans as part of a broader biological community.
- Biocentrism: Advocates for the intrinsic value of all living organisms and their ethical treatment.
- Anaximander: Introduced concepts of creation and destruction within a cosmological framework.
Principles of Sustainable Development
- Sustainable Development: Development that satisfies current needs without jeopardizing future generations.
- Environmental Integrity: Human actions should not harm local ecosystems.
- Economic Efficiency: Advocates for minimal waste in resource usage.
- Equity: Ensures conservation of resources for future use.
- Deep Ecology: Asserts equal intrinsic value of all living beings.
Philosophers on Nature and Duty
- Immanuel Kant: Believed in the order and harmony of nature.
- George Herbert Mead: Emphasized human responsibilities towards nature.
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Description
Explore the roots and fundamental concepts of philosophy, including its definition as the love of wisdom. Dive into the contributions of key philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, and understand their ideas that shaped philosophical thought.
