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Overview of Muscle Tissues
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Overview of Muscle Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the epimysium in muscles?

  • Provides elasticity to muscles
  • Absorbs shock during muscle contraction
  • Allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves (correct)
  • Converts muscle contractions into heat

    • Fascia is only visible during muscle dissection and not during cooking.

    False

    What are the bundles of muscle cells called?

    Fascicles

    The connective tissue layer that surrounds each fascicle is called the ______.

    <p>perimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects muscle to bone?

    <p>Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomysium encases individual muscle fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following connective tissues with their functions:

    <p>Epimysium = Surrounds the entire muscle Perimysium = Surrounds fascicles Endomysium = Encases individual muscle fibers Fascia = Connective tissue between skin and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tension created by contraction of muscle fibers is transferred through the ______ to the tendon.

    <p>epimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary functional unit of a muscle cell?

    <p>Sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sarcomere can be seen with the naked eye.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two additional proteins associated with actin in thin filaments?

    <p>Troponin and Tropomyosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thick filament is primarily made up of __________.

    <p>Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscle structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Myofibril = A structure made of many sarcomeres Fascicle = A bundle of muscle fibers Epimysium = Connective tissue surrounding a muscle Endomysium = Connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sarcomeres would you need to stack to equal the thickness of printer paper?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Z disc marks the borders of a sarcomere.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the perimysium in muscle tissue?

    <p>To surround fascicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the plasma membrane in muscle cells?

    <p>Sarcolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'sarcoplasm' refers to the plasma membrane of a muscle cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sarcoplasmic reticulum' refer to?

    <p>Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is known as the __________.

    <p>sarcoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue layer envelops a fascicle of muscle fibers?

    <p>Perimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The endomysium is not continuous with the perimysium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle cell components with their definitions:

    <p>Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of a muscle cell Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Specialized smooth ER in muscle cells Sarcolemma = Plasma membrane of a muscle cell Endomysium = Connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

    <p>endomysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of smooth muscle tissue?

    <p>Controlling the diameter of blood vessels and movement of substances in organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cardiac muscle tissue is an involuntary muscle type found only in the heart.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three types of muscle tissues.

    <p>Skeletal, cardiac, smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle is characterized by a __________ appearance due to its striations.

    <p>striated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the muscle tissue with its characteristic feature:

    <p>Skeletal muscle = Striated and voluntary Cardiac muscle = Involuntary and found in the heart Smooth muscle = Non-striated and involuntary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle fibers are able to contract quickly but tire easily.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

    <p>Striated and branched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ion that enters the muscle fiber when voltage-gated sodium channels open?

    <p>Sodium ions (Na+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Potassium ions (K+) exit the muscle fiber when voltage-gated potassium channels open.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels?

    <p>Depolarization spreads along the entire membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ channels allow sodium ions to enter the muscle fiber.

    <p>voltage-gated sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ion with its behavior during the action potential:

    <p>Na+ = Enters the cell K+ = Exits the cell Cl- = Remains stable during action potential Ca+ = Involved in muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the egress of positive charges affect the membrane potential?

    <p>It repolarizes the cell back to resting state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Voltage-gated potassium channels open before voltage-gated sodium channels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the difference in the opening speed between sodium and potassium channels.

    <p>Sodium channels open quickly, while potassium channels are slower to open.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Muscle Tissues

    • Muscle tissue is one of the four basic tissue types in the human body, playing essential roles in movement, posture, and heat production.
    • There are three distinct types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
    • Understanding muscle as an organ (individual muscles) versus muscle as tissue (collections of muscle cells) is crucial.

    Structure and Function of Muscle Tissue

    • Skeletal muscle: Voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated; attached to bones and responsible for body movements.
    • Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, striated, single nucleus; found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
    • Smooth muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, single nucleus; located in walls of hollow organs like intestines and blood vessels, controlling involuntary actions.

    Muscle Organization

    • Skeletal muscles are organized into bundles called fascicles, each surrounded by perimysium (connective tissue).
    • Epimysium encases the entire muscle, connecting muscle fibers to tendons, which attach muscles to bones.
    • Endomysium surrounds individual muscle fibers, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.

    Sarcomere Structure

    • Sarcomeres are the fundamental unit of contraction in muscle fibers, composed of thick (myosin) and thin (actin, troponin, tropomyosin) filaments.
    • The arrangement of filaments within sarcomeres allows muscle contraction to occur through the sliding filament mechanism.

    Muscle Contraction Mechanism

    • Triggered by action potentials generated from depolarization of the muscle cell membrane.
    • Voltage-gated sodium channels open first, allowing Na+ ions to enter, followed by the opening of potassium channels for K+ ions to exit, leading to repolarization of the membrane.
    • Contraction is facilitated by the interaction of actin and myosin filaments, which slide past each other to shorten the muscle.

    Communication and Control

    • The nervous system fine-tunes muscle activation by selectively stimulating subsets of fibers within fascicles.
    • Blood vessels and nerves pass through the epimysium, ensuring proper function and responsiveness to stimuli.

    Important Terminology

    • Sarcolemma: Plasma membrane of muscle fiber.
    • Sarcoplasm: Cytoplasm of muscle fiber.
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum: Specialized endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores calcium ions for contraction.

    Conclusion

    • Muscle tissue plays a vital role in the body’s movement systems and is characterized by unique structural and functional properties specific to each muscle type.
    • Understanding muscle anatomy and physiology is fundamental to studying human movement and maintaining health.

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    Related Documents

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    Description

    Explore the essential roles of muscle tissues in the human body, focusing on the three distinct types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Understand their structures, functions, and organization, which are key to comprehending how muscles work and interact with the body.

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