Overview of MMSU and Environmental Laws

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What do Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) represent in the context of the Paris Agreement?

Renewable energy projects implemented globally.

Financial aid provided to developing countries.

Reports on global temperature trends.

Individual country commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (correct)

Why is it essential to limit global warming to 1.5°C according to the Paris Agreement?

To phase out non-renewable energy within 10 years.

To completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions.

To significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change on ecosystems and human populations. (correct)

To halt all industrial activity by 2050.

What is one of the challenges faced by the Philippines in relation to climate change?

Insufficient technical support from developed nations.

High vulnerability to climate impacts such as typhoons and sea-level rise. (correct)

Lack of renewable energy resources.

Low reliance on international climate finance.

What commitment did the Philippines make in its first NDC submitted in 2021?

A 75% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, conditional on international support. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the aim of climate finance under the Paris Agreement?

To provide financial and technical support to developing countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the Montreal Protocol?

Protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Montreal Protocol adopted?

1987 Signup and view all the answers

How many countries have ratified the Kigali Amendment as of now?

Over 150 Signup and view all the answers

What are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) currently being phased out in the Philippines?

Ozone-depleting substances only Signup and view all the answers

What significant achievement is attributed to the Montreal Protocol?

Phased out over 99% of ozone-depleting substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of non-compliance with the Montreal Protocol?

Enforcement of domestic laws by member countries Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kigali Amendment address specifically?

Addressing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected recovery timeline for the ozone layer as a result of the Montreal Protocol?

By 2040–2060 Signup and view all the answers

What does IPCC stand for?

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of IPCC report?

Synthesis Reports Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of the Paris Agreement?

To hold the increase in global average temperature to below 2 °C Signup and view all the answers

According to the latest IPCC findings, what is the global warming increase attributed to human activity?

1.1 degrees C Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) findings?

Some climate impacts cannot be adapted to, leading to losses Signup and view all the answers

What probability does the IPCC suggest for global GHG emissions to peak before 2025 to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C?

More than 50% Signup and view all the answers

Which working group addresses climate impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability?

Working Group II Signup and view all the answers

How often are Assessment Reports (ARs) published by the IPCC?

Every 6-7 years Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) Overview

MMSU has a 3-star QS rating.
Ranked 601-800 globally and 3rd among Philippine State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in 2023.
Ranked 101st-200th in the 2024 WURI (World Universities with Real Impact).
Holds the 2nd rank in the Philippines in the ASEAN 2024 public university ranking.

Preventive Measures and Alternative Solutions

The presentation outlines preventive measures and alternative solutions—including International Laws, Major Environmental Laws of the Philippines, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Alternative Solutions—for unspecified issues.

International Laws

Key international laws mentioned are the Montreal Protocol, Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), and the Paris Agreement.

Montreal Protocol

An international treaty adopted on September 16, 1987.
Aims to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Signed by 197 countries, with differing dates of ratification mentioned for various nations.
Objectives: Phase out ODS use, protect human health and ecosystems from harmful UV radiation.
Regular amendments address hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), greenhouse gases replacing some ODS.
Achievements: Phased out over 99% of ozone-depleting substances; prevented millions of skin cancer and cataract cases.
Compliance: Parties submit regular reports on their ODS use, progress on phasing out these substances, dealing with exceeding allowed levels, and failure to report data.
Penalties for non-compliance do not involve monetary fines. Domestic laws enforce the Montreal Protocol's provisions.
Key questions include the protocol's main goal, its adoption year, and the number of countries that have ratified the Kigali Amendment.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

United Nations body evaluating climate-related science.
Created in 1988 by UNEP and WMO.
Has 195 member countries.
Key functions: Assessing scientific information related to climate change, evaluating environmental and socio-economic impacts, and developing adaptation and mitigation strategies.
IPCC Structure: Plenary, Bureau, Executive Committee, Working Groups I (Physical Science Basis), II (Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability), III (Mitigation of Climate Change), Task Force, and Secretariat.
The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): Found human-induced global warming causing climate change issues; urgent need to reduce emissions to limit warming.
Types of reports: Assessment Reports (summarizing climate science, approximately every 6-7 years), Special Reports (focus on particular issues, e.g., 1.5°C Global Warming), and Methodology Reports (guide countries in calculating greenhouse gas emissions).

Paris Agreement

Adopted in December 2015.
Aims to strengthen the global response to climate change, fostering sustainable development and poverty eradication.
Key points: Limiting global warming to well below 2°C (preferably 1.5°C) above pre-industrial levels; increasing capacity to adapt to climate change; fostering climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining food production.
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Each country specifies its own climate goals (updated every five years).
Transparency Framework: Countries report their progress on meeting their commitments.
Climate Finance: Developed nations support developing countries financially and technically.
Philippines' Commitment: Pledging a 75% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, conditional on international support; submitted its first NDC in 2021.
Challenges: High vulnerability to climate impacts (e.g., typhoons, sea-level rise); reliance on international climate finance and capacity-building initiatives.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores the achievements of Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) and addresses key international legal agreements regarding environmental protection. It covers preventive measures, alternative solutions, and significant environmental laws such as the Montreal Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Test your knowledge on both educational rankings and international environmental policies.