Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) represent in the context of the Paris Agreement?
What do Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) represent in the context of the Paris Agreement?
- Renewable energy projects implemented globally.
- Financial aid provided to developing countries.
- Reports on global temperature trends.
- Individual country commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (correct)
Why is it essential to limit global warming to 1.5°C according to the Paris Agreement?
Why is it essential to limit global warming to 1.5°C according to the Paris Agreement?
- To phase out non-renewable energy within 10 years.
- To completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions.
- To significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change on ecosystems and human populations. (correct)
- To halt all industrial activity by 2050.
What is one of the challenges faced by the Philippines in relation to climate change?
What is one of the challenges faced by the Philippines in relation to climate change?
- Insufficient technical support from developed nations.
- High vulnerability to climate impacts such as typhoons and sea-level rise. (correct)
- Lack of renewable energy resources.
- Low reliance on international climate finance.
What commitment did the Philippines make in its first NDC submitted in 2021?
What commitment did the Philippines make in its first NDC submitted in 2021?
Which of the following describes the aim of climate finance under the Paris Agreement?
Which of the following describes the aim of climate finance under the Paris Agreement?
What is the primary aim of the Montreal Protocol?
What is the primary aim of the Montreal Protocol?
In which year was the Montreal Protocol adopted?
In which year was the Montreal Protocol adopted?
How many countries have ratified the Kigali Amendment as of now?
How many countries have ratified the Kigali Amendment as of now?
What are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) currently being phased out in the Philippines?
What are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) currently being phased out in the Philippines?
What significant achievement is attributed to the Montreal Protocol?
What significant achievement is attributed to the Montreal Protocol?
What is a consequence of non-compliance with the Montreal Protocol?
What is a consequence of non-compliance with the Montreal Protocol?
What does the Kigali Amendment address specifically?
What does the Kigali Amendment address specifically?
What is the expected recovery timeline for the ozone layer as a result of the Montreal Protocol?
What is the expected recovery timeline for the ozone layer as a result of the Montreal Protocol?
What does IPCC stand for?
What does IPCC stand for?
Which of the following is NOT a type of IPCC report?
Which of the following is NOT a type of IPCC report?
What is the objective of the Paris Agreement?
What is the objective of the Paris Agreement?
According to the latest IPCC findings, what is the global warming increase attributed to human activity?
According to the latest IPCC findings, what is the global warming increase attributed to human activity?
What is a result of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) findings?
What is a result of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) findings?
What probability does the IPCC suggest for global GHG emissions to peak before 2025 to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C?
What probability does the IPCC suggest for global GHG emissions to peak before 2025 to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C?
Which working group addresses climate impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability?
Which working group addresses climate impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability?
How often are Assessment Reports (ARs) published by the IPCC?
How often are Assessment Reports (ARs) published by the IPCC?
Flashcards
Montreal Protocol
Montreal Protocol
An international treaty designed to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS) to protect the ozone layer and human health.
Ozone Layer
Ozone Layer
The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere absorbing most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
Kigali Amendment
Kigali Amendment
The Kigali Amendment is an addition to the Montreal Protocol that addresses hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), powerful greenhouse gases that replaced some ODS but contribute to climate change.
IPCC
IPCC
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Paris Agreement
Paris Agreement
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Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS)
Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS)
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Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
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Compliance with Montreal Protocol
Compliance with Montreal Protocol
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Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
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Transparency Framework
Transparency Framework
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Climate Finance
Climate Finance
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Philippines' Commitment to the Paris Agreement
Philippines' Commitment to the Paris Agreement
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What is the IPCC?
What is the IPCC?
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What are the IPCC's working groups?
What are the IPCC's working groups?
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What are special IPCC reports?
What are special IPCC reports?
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What are some key findings of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What are some key findings of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
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What is the Paris Agreement?
What is the Paris Agreement?
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What are the goals of the Paris Agreement?
What are the goals of the Paris Agreement?
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What are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)?
What are Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)?
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What are the implications of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
What are the implications of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report?
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Study Notes
Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) Overview
- MMSU has a 3-star QS rating.
- Ranked 601-800 globally and 3rd among Philippine State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in 2023.
- Ranked 101st-200th in the 2024 WURI (World Universities with Real Impact).
- Holds the 2nd rank in the Philippines in the ASEAN 2024 public university ranking.
Preventive Measures and Alternative Solutions
- The presentation outlines preventive measures and alternative solutions—including International Laws, Major Environmental Laws of the Philippines, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Alternative Solutions—for unspecified issues.
International Laws
- Key international laws mentioned are the Montreal Protocol, Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), and the Paris Agreement.
Montreal Protocol
- An international treaty adopted on September 16, 1987.
- Aims to phase out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
- Signed by 197 countries, with differing dates of ratification mentioned for various nations.
- Objectives: Phase out ODS use, protect human health and ecosystems from harmful UV radiation.
- Regular amendments address hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), greenhouse gases replacing some ODS.
- Achievements: Phased out over 99% of ozone-depleting substances; prevented millions of skin cancer and cataract cases.
- Compliance: Parties submit regular reports on their ODS use, progress on phasing out these substances, dealing with exceeding allowed levels, and failure to report data.
- Penalties for non-compliance do not involve monetary fines. Domestic laws enforce the Montreal Protocol's provisions.
- Key questions include the protocol's main goal, its adoption year, and the number of countries that have ratified the Kigali Amendment.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- United Nations body evaluating climate-related science.
- Created in 1988 by UNEP and WMO.
- Has 195 member countries.
- Key functions: Assessing scientific information related to climate change, evaluating environmental and socio-economic impacts, and developing adaptation and mitigation strategies.
- IPCC Structure: Plenary, Bureau, Executive Committee, Working Groups I (Physical Science Basis), II (Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability), III (Mitigation of Climate Change), Task Force, and Secretariat.
- The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6): Found human-induced global warming causing climate change issues; urgent need to reduce emissions to limit warming.
- Types of reports: Assessment Reports (summarizing climate science, approximately every 6-7 years), Special Reports (focus on particular issues, e.g., 1.5°C Global Warming), and Methodology Reports (guide countries in calculating greenhouse gas emissions).
Paris Agreement
- Adopted in December 2015.
- Aims to strengthen the global response to climate change, fostering sustainable development and poverty eradication.
- Key points: Limiting global warming to well below 2°C (preferably 1.5°C) above pre-industrial levels; increasing capacity to adapt to climate change; fostering climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining food production.
- Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): Each country specifies its own climate goals (updated every five years).
- Transparency Framework: Countries report their progress on meeting their commitments.
- Climate Finance: Developed nations support developing countries financially and technically.
- Philippines' Commitment: Pledging a 75% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, conditional on international support; submitted its first NDC in 2021.
- Challenges: High vulnerability to climate impacts (e.g., typhoons, sea-level rise); reliance on international climate finance and capacity-building initiatives.
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