Overview of Human Anatomy

Study of the structure and organization of living organisms.
Divided into two main branches:
- Gross Anatomy: The study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: The study of structures at the cellular and tissue level.

Skeletal System
- Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System
- Contains three types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
- Functions: Movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.
Nervous System
- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: Communication, coordination of body activities, and response to stimuli.
Cardiovascular System
- Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: Transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Respiratory System
- Composed of the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm.
- Functions: Gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.
Digestive System
- Comprises the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs.
- Functions: Breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Urinary System
- Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: Regulation of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and waste elimination.
Endocrine System
- Consists of glands that secrete hormones.
- Functions: Regulation of metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.
Reproductive System
- Male: Testes, penis, and associated ducts.
- Female: Ovaries, uterus, and associated structures.
- Functions: Production of gametes and hormones, and support of fetal development.

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right parts.
Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Dorsal Body Cavity: Protects the nervous system; includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
Ventral Body Cavity: Houses internal organs; subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Study of tissues; classified into four main types:
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
- Connective Tissue: Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.
- Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement.
- Nervous Tissue: Transmits impulses and processes information.

Essential for Understanding Physiology: Helps to comprehend how body parts function and interact.
Applications in Medicine: Crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and surgical procedures.
Foundation for Other Biological Sciences: Forms the basis for fields such as embryology, pathology, and anthropology.

Study of structure and organization of living organisms.
Divided into two main branches: Gross Anatomy (structures visible to the naked eye) and Microscopic Anatomy (cellular and tissue level structures).

Skeletal System: Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Functions include support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System: Contains three types of muscle: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Functions include movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.
Nervous System: Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Functions include communication, coordination of body activities, and response to stimuli.
Cardiovascular System: Includes heart, blood vessels, and blood. Functions include transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Respiratory System: Composed of the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm. Functions include gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.
Digestive System: Comprises the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. Functions include breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Urinary System: Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Functions include regulation of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and waste elimination.
Endocrine System: Consists of glands that secrete hormones. Functions include regulation of metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.
Reproductive System: Male system includes testes, penis, and associated ducts. Female system includes ovaries, uterus, and associated structures. Functions include production of gametes and hormones, as well as support of fetal development.

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right parts.
Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Dorsal Body Cavity: Protects the nervous system, includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
Ventral Body Cavity: Houses internal organs; subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Study of tissues. Four main types:
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
- Connective Tissue: Supports, binds, and protects other tissues.
- Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement.
- Nervous Tissue: Transmits impulses and processes information.

Essential for understanding Physiology. Helps to comprehend how body parts function and interact.
Crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and surgical procedures in Medicine.
Forms the foundation for other Biological Sciences.