Overview of Human Anatomy

Anatomy is the branch of biology focused on the structure of organisms.
It is divided into several sub-disciplines, including:
- Gross Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures at the cellular level, including histology and cytology.
- Developmental Anatomy: Study of growth and development from conception to maturity.

Skeletal System
- Comprised of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System
- Comprises muscles, tendons, and fascia.
- Functions: movement, stability, posture, and heat production.
Circulatory System
- Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Respiratory System
- Composed of the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm.
- Functions: gas exchange, oxygen intake, and removal of carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
- Includes organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
- Functions: digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Nervous System
- Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: control and coordination of body functions through electrical signals.
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
- Functions: regulation of body processes through hormones.
Urinary System
- Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: filtration of blood, waste excretion, and regulation of fluid balance.
Reproductive System
- Comprises male (testes, penis) and female (ovaries, uterus) reproductive organs.
- Functions: production of gametes and hormones, continuation of species.

Sagittal Plane: divides the body into left and right halves.
Coronal (frontal) Plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Transverse (horizontal) Plane: divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Tissues are categorized into four primary types:
1. Epithelial Tissue: covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.
2. Connective Tissue: supports and binds other tissues; includes bone, blood, fat, etc.
3. Muscle Tissue: responsible for movement; includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
4. Nervous Tissue: makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; involved in signal transmission.

Dissection: method of studying anatomy by cutting and separating tissues.
Imaging Techniques: X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound for visualizing structures non-invasively.
Histological Techniques: preparation of tissue samples for microscopic examination.

Anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms.
It covers a wide range of topics, including:
- Gross Anatomy: Studying structures visible without a microscope.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Studying structures at the cellular level, including histology (tissues) and cytology (cells).
- Developmental Anatomy: Studying the growth and development from conception to maturity.

Skeletal System: Consists of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System: Composed of muscles, tendons, and fascia.
- Functions: movement, stability, posture, and heat production.
Circulatory System: Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transportation of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Respiratory System: Includes organs like the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm.
- Functions: gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.
Digestive System: composed of organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
- Functions: digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Nervous System: Consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: control and coordination of body functions through electrical signals.
Endocrine System: Contains glands like the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
- Functions: regulating body processes through hormones.
Urinary System: Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: filtration of blood, waste excretion, and fluid balance regulation.
Reproductive System: Consists of male (testes, penis) and female (ovaries, uterus) reproductive organs.
- Functions: production of gametes and hormones, continuation of species.

Sagittal Plane: divides the body vertically into left and right halves.
Coronal (frontal) Plane: divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts.
Transverse (horizontal) Plane: divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts.

Tissues are categorized into four primary types:
- Epithelial Tissue: covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.
- Connective Tissue: supports and binds other tissues, including bone, blood, fat, etc.
- Muscle Tissue: responsible for movement, includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
- Nervous Tissue: makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, involved in signal transmission.

Dissection: a method of studying anatomy by cutting and separating tissues.
Imaging Techniques: include X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound for visualizing structures non-invasively.
Histological Techniques: preparation of tissue samples for microscopic examination.