Overview of Historiography

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the Historicist school of historiography?

The role of accidents in history

Objective study of primary sources (correct)

Economic and cultural factors in historical events

The influence of personal views of historians

Who pioneered the Historicist school of historiography?

Leopold von Ranke (correct)

Friedrich Nietzsche

Herbert Spencer

Karl Marx

What philosophical approach complements the Historicist school of historiography?

Constructivism

Existentialism

Positivism (correct)

Romanticism

What does the Accidentalist school of historiography emphasize?

The role of accidents in shaping events Signup and view all the answers

In which century did the Historicist methodology primarily develop?

19th century Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief about Free Will in the Historicist perspective?

It enables individuals to control their destinies Signup and view all the answers

Which school of historiography primarily focuses on the questions behind historical events?

Accidentalist Signup and view all the answers

Why do historians face controversies according to historiographical analysis?

Due to personal bias and socio-political contexts Signup and view all the answers

What does the Intentionalist school of historiography emphasize?

The influence of individuals' intentions and personalities Signup and view all the answers

How does the Hegelian view interpret historical change?

As an advancement towards freedom driven by ideas Signup and view all the answers

According to the Marxist school, what primarily influences historical changes?

Exploitation and conflict among social classes Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of history does the Structuralist school stress?

Political and military structures Signup and view all the answers

Which key element does the Annales school of historiography focus on?

Social history and long-term trends Signup and view all the answers

What viewpoint distinguishes Post-Modernist historiography?

Recognition of bias and incompleteness in sources Signup and view all the answers

Which historiographical school minimizes the influence of military and political history?

Annales Signup and view all the answers

What key concept does Marxist historiography rely on to explain historical events?

Statistical data and economic forces Signup and view all the answers

What does Pantayong Pananaw roughly translate to in English?

A For-Us Perspective Signup and view all the answers

What role does language play according to Pantayong Pananaw?

It is a controlling element in discourse. Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a consequence of language becoming a barrier to thought?

Cultural stagnation. Signup and view all the answers

Which belief by Nelson Mandela is supported by Pantayong Pananaw?

Speaking in one's language engages deeper understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Bagong Kasaysayan' refer to?

The methodology of indigenous conceptions of history. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'salaysay na may saysay' mean in the context of history?

A narrative with meaning. Signup and view all the answers

How is Pantayong Pananaw viewed in relation to 'pangkami'?

It evolves to focus on internal dialogue. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the focus of Pantayong Pananaw?

It encourages a reflective understanding of Philippine history. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Historiography

Historiography involves various interpretations influenced by historians' personal views, socio-political contexts, and methodologies.
The availability of sources and the questions historians pose also shape historical narratives.

Schools of Historiography

Historicists
- Pioneered by von Ranke in the late 19th century.
- Advocates for a scientific approach to primary sources for historical reconstruction.
- Believes in the power of Free Will to shape history, allowing people to learn from the past.
- Complemented by Positivism, emphasizing accurate source use for clear history depiction.
Accidentalist
- Focuses on the role of accidents as driving forces behind historical events.
- Explores the reasons for events rather than just the events themselves.
Intentionalist
- Highlights the significance of intentions and personalities of key individuals.
- Considers these factors as vital to understanding historical changes.
Hegelian
- Views history as a progression towards freedom, driven by intellectual movements and ideas.
- Emphasizes the importance of ideas in historical changes.
Marxist
- Karl Marx introduced statistical analysis to argue that history is shaped by class exploitation and conflict.
- Stresses economic forces as primary drivers of historical change.
Structuralist
- Believes political and military structures significantly influence history.
- Focuses on the context created by these existing structures in historical events.
Annales
- Emphasizes social history and long-term trends, often using quantitative methods.
- Prioritizes geography, ideologies, and worldviews of common people over traditional political history.
Post-Modernist
- Emerged in the late 20th century, influenced by Foucault’s critique of source reliability.
- Asserts that all historical interpretations are valid and acknowledges the inherent bias in sources.

Pantayong Pananaw

A Filipino historiographical approach termed “A For-Us Perspective.”
Developed as a response to Western-influenced historical narratives.
Highlights the role of language as a communicative and cognitive tool in shaping historical discourse.
Recognizes language barriers as a “Great Cultural Divide,” hindering cultural and intellectual development.
Aligns with Nelson Mandela’s belief in the emotional connection facilitated by native languages.

Bagong Kasaysayan

Uses methodologies grounded in indigenous conceptions of history, referring to history as "salaysay na may saysay."
Focuses on the significance and relevance of historical events for community understanding, enhancing the meaning of “saysay.”

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Description

Explore the various schools of historiography, including Historicists, Accidentalists, and Intentionalists. Learn how personal views and socio-political contexts shape historical interpretations. Discover the role of sources and the questions posed by historians in crafting narratives.