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Questions and Answers
What was a significant advancement introduced by the invention of the transistor in 1947?
What was a significant advancement introduced by the invention of the transistor in 1947?
Which microprocessor was introduced in 1971 as the first of its kind?
Which microprocessor was introduced in 1971 as the first of its kind?
What technology was developed between 1973 and 1976 that enabled local area networking?
What technology was developed between 1973 and 1976 that enabled local area networking?
Which programming language was introduced in 1954 and is recognized as the first successful high-level programming language?
Which programming language was introduced in 1954 and is recognized as the first successful high-level programming language?
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What is the primary focus of computer ethics?
What is the primary focus of computer ethics?
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What year was the first personal computer, the IBM PC, introduced?
What year was the first personal computer, the IBM PC, introduced?
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Which type of software is designed for user-specific tasks like document editing and data analysis?
Which type of software is designed for user-specific tasks like document editing and data analysis?
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Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of system software?
Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of system software?
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Which device marked the personal computer boom following the introduction of early microcomputers in the 1970s?
Which device marked the personal computer boom following the introduction of early microcomputers in the 1970s?
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What is the purpose of the Control Unit (CU) in a computer system?
What is the purpose of the Control Unit (CU) in a computer system?
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What was unique about the Apple Macintosh introduced in 1984?
What was unique about the Apple Macintosh introduced in 1984?
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Which contributor to computer ethics laid the foundation for research with the publication 'The Human Use of Human Beings'?
Which contributor to computer ethics laid the foundation for research with the publication 'The Human Use of Human Beings'?
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Which of the following best describes RAM (Random Access Memory)?
Which of the following best describes RAM (Random Access Memory)?
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What is an example of cybercrime?
What is an example of cybercrime?
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Which component is considered the central hub connecting all parts of a computer?
Which component is considered the central hub connecting all parts of a computer?
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Who were the inventors credited with the development of the integrated circuit in 1958?
Who were the inventors credited with the development of the integrated circuit in 1958?
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Which type of software serves as a control and operation layer for the computer’s hardware?
Which type of software serves as a control and operation layer for the computer’s hardware?
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What is the primary function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
What is the primary function of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
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Donn Parker's studies primarily focused on what aspect of computer use?
Donn Parker's studies primarily focused on what aspect of computer use?
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Which of the following statements about the Power Supply Unit (PSU) is true?
Which of the following statements about the Power Supply Unit (PSU) is true?
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Which factor is critical for ensuring a stable system performance during high-power tasks?
Which factor is critical for ensuring a stable system performance during high-power tasks?
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Which software category includes tools like compilers and operating systems?
Which software category includes tools like compilers and operating systems?
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What does the Clock Speed (GHz) of a computer component indicate?
What does the Clock Speed (GHz) of a computer component indicate?
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In the context of memory characteristics, what is meant by 'address partitions'?
In the context of memory characteristics, what is meant by 'address partitions'?
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What does the tag for line breaks do?
What does the tag for line breaks do?
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Which of the following is a physical tag for bold text?
Which of the following is a physical tag for bold text?
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What is the purpose of comments in HTML?
What is the purpose of comments in HTML?
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Which tag is used for inserting images in HTML?
Which tag is used for inserting images in HTML?
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How are HTML colors specified?
How are HTML colors specified?
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Which attribute in the ![]()
tag specifies the source of the image?
Which attribute in the tag specifies the source of the image?
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What is the correct tag for creating hyperlinks in HTML?
What is the correct tag for creating hyperlinks in HTML?
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Which of the following character entities represents the less than symbol?
Which of the following character entities represents the less than symbol?
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What is a key advantage of mesh topology in networking?
What is a key advantage of mesh topology in networking?
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What is one major disadvantage of the Internet?
What is one major disadvantage of the Internet?
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Which protocol suite was developed to underpin the Internet?
Which protocol suite was developed to underpin the Internet?
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What significant event occurred in 1962 that contributed to the Internet's development?
What significant event occurred in 1962 that contributed to the Internet's development?
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What was the main purpose of developing ARPAnet?
What was the main purpose of developing ARPAnet?
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What is one of the main characteristics of the Internet?
What is one of the main characteristics of the Internet?
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Which of the following describes a disadvantage of mesh topology?
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of mesh topology?
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Who designed ARPAnet, the first inter-networking system?
Who designed ARPAnet, the first inter-networking system?
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What is the primary function of a web browser?
What is the primary function of a web browser?
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Which of the following best defines an IP address?
Which of the following best defines an IP address?
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What does the HTTP protocol primarily ensure?
What does the HTTP protocol primarily ensure?
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What is the role of DNS in the context of the internet?
What is the role of DNS in the context of the internet?
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What is a URL used for?
What is a URL used for?
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Which statement best describes 'web hosting'?
Which statement best describes 'web hosting'?
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Which of the following describes email?
Which of the following describes email?
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What is meant by a 'homepage'?
What is meant by a 'homepage'?
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Study Notes
Overview of Computing
- Computing encompasses five key disciplines: Information Systems (IS), Information Technology (IT), Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Computer Engineering.
- Before 1945, "computers" were humans.
- Modern computing, post-1945, involves machines based on Von Neumann's model.
- Computing manages, processes, and communicates information via computers.
- Key functions include input, processing, storage, and output.
Information Systems (IS)
- IS focuses on business decision-making via data systems.
- Management Information Systems (MIS) manage data for informed business decisions.
Information Technology (IT)
- IT involves solving business problems through technology.
- It manages technology resources, develops strategies, and assists in technology planning for executives.
Computer Science
- This discipline studies the theoretical and technical aspects of computing.
- Responsibilities include algorithm development, software systems, and data transfer methodology.
Computer Engineering
- This discipline focuses on the development and integration of hardware components.
- Responsibilities include designing microchips, processors, and other hardware components.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- AI focuses on creating machines that mimic human intelligence.
- Concepts include Machine Learning (ML) - enabling machines to learn tasks using statistical models, and Deep Learning (DL) - employing neural networks with various layers for complex decision-making.
- Applications include smart assistants, autonomous vehicles, predictive healthcare systems, and more.
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
- AR enhances real-world objects with digital overlays.
- VR simulates immersive virtual environments for various uses.
- Applications include medical training and gaming.
Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing is internet-based computing for services like storage, and software, offered as a cost-saving alternative to on-premise solutions.
- Benefits include global scalability, enhanced performance, and disaster recovery options.
- Types include public cloud (shared third-party resources), private cloud (exclusive to an organization), and hybrid cloud (blending public and private).
Internet of Things (IoT)
- IoT refers to interconnected devices sharing data without human interaction.
- Applications include smart homes, smart cities, and energy-efficient solutions.
Big Data
- Big data encompasses enormous and complex datasets requiring advanced processing.
- Types of datasets include structured (organized), unstructured (unorganized), and semi-structured (partially organized).
Computer Ethics
- Ethics provides a framework of standards and practices for moral decision-making.
- Computer ethics addresses moral issues arising from computer use, encompassing privacy, intellectual property rights, responsible use, and societal impact of technology.
History of Computers
- 18th Century: Early mechanical innovations (e.g., Jacquard Loom, Vaucanson's Automata).
- 19th Century: Programmable machines (e.g., Jacquard Loom).
- 20th Century: Theoretical foundations (e.g., Turing Machine, Gödel's incompleteness theorem).
- 1940s-1950s: Electronic computers (e.g., ENIAC).
- 1970s-present: Personal computers, microprocessors, and computer networking.
Hardware Breakthroughs
- 1947: The Transistor - replacing vacuum tubes.
- 1958: The Integrated Circuit - miniaturization of electronic elements.
Computer Systems Organization (Hardware)
- Hardware focuses on the physical components of a computing system.
- Includes external components (e.g., monitor, keyboard, case, mouse) and internal components (e.g., motherboard, CPU, RAM).
- The CPU (Central Processing Unit) executes instructions.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) provides temporary, fast access to data.
- Storage devices (HDD, SSD) store data persistently.
- The Motherboard provides connections between components.
- The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) handles visual rendering and parallel computation.
- The Power Supply Unit (PSU) converts power.
Computer Systems Organization (Software)
- Software refers to the set of instructions that control the operation of the computer.
- This includes System Software and Application Software.
- System Software controls and extends computer capabilities.
- Application Software includes general programs focused on user needs.
Computer Networking
- A computer network interconnects multiple computers for file and resource sharing.
- Network types based on coverage area include LAN, MAN, and WAN.
- Essential components of a network include network cables, routers, network cards (NICs).
The Internet
- A global network of interconnected computer networks for data exchange and communication.
- Development milestones include ARPANET, NSFNET, and the evolution of protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP.
- Key figures include Tim Berners-Lee, who developed the World Wide Web (WWW).
JavaScript Programming
- JavaScript is an interpreted language used for client-side validation, dynamic Web page updates, and more.
- Variables are declared using the keyword "var."
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
- CSS controls how HTML elements are displayed.
- Types of CSS include Inline styles, Internal stylesheets, and External stylesheets.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of computing, including the five key disciplines: Information Systems, Information Technology, Computer Science, Software Engineering, and Computer Engineering. Explore how these fields interrelate and contribute to modern computing practices. Test your understanding of concepts such as management information systems and technology resources.
