Overview of Biology Quiz

Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Genetics
- Study of heredity and variation in organisms.
- Key components:
  - DNA: genetic material.
  - Genes: segments of DNA that code for traits.
  - Chromosomes: structures that organize DNA.
Evolution
- Process by which species change over time through natural selection.
- Key Figures:
  - Charles Darwin: proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Homeostasis
- The ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions.
- Examples: temperature regulation, pH balance.
Ecology
- Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Key concepts:
  - Ecosystems: community of living organisms and their physical environment.
  - Biodiversity: variety of life in a particular habitat.

Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
- Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which organisms convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).
- Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP.

Taxonomy
- Science of classifying organisms.
- Hierarchical ranks: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Bacteria
- Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms.
- Diverse habitats and metabolic processes.
Archaea
- Prokaryotic, often extremophiles.
- Distinct biochemistry from bacteria.
Eukarya
- Eukaryotic organisms including animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Study of human anatomy, physiology, and genetics.
Key systems:
- Circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and immune systems.
Importance of homeostasis and regulation in health.

Cell Theory
- All living organisms consist of cells, which are the fundamental units of life.
- Cells originate from pre-existing cells.
Genetics
- Investigates heredity and the diversity of traits in organisms.
- Key components include:
  - DNA: the molecule carrying genetic information.
  - Genes: DNA segments that code for specific traits.
  - Chromosomes: structures that contain DNA and genes.
Evolution
- Describes species' adaptation and change over time due to natural selection.
- Charles Darwin is a pivotal figure with the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Homeostasis
- Mechanism that enables organisms to maintain stable internal environments.
- Examples include temperature and pH regulation.
Ecology
- Examines the relationships between organisms and their environments.
- Important concepts:
  - Ecosystems: interactions among living organisms and their physical surroundings.
  - Biodiversity: the range of different species in a habitat.

Photosynthesis
- The method by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose).
- Simplified equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
Cellular Respiration
- The process of converting glucose into usable energy (ATP) in organisms.
- Simplified equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP.

Taxonomy
- The science involved in classifying organisms into hierarchical categories: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Bacteria
- Prokaryotic organisms that are unicellular and inhabit a variety of environments.
Archaea
- Also prokaryotic, often found in extreme environments and exhibit unique biochemistry compared to bacteria.
Eukarya
- Comprises complex eukaryotic organisms including animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Medicine: Utilizes biological principles to grasp diseases and devise treatments.
Agriculture: Focuses on enhancing crop production and pest resistance.
Conservation: Aims to safeguard ecosystems and promote biodiversity.