Overview of Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.
It encompasses various fields such as genetics, ecology, evolution, and molecular biology.

Cell Biology: Study of cells, their physiology, structure, and interactions.
Genetics: Exploration of heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Evolutionary Biology: Study of the origins and changes in organisms over time.
Ecology: Study of organisms' interactions with each other and their environments.
Physiology: Examination of biological functions and processes within organisms.
Microbiology: Study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Cell: Fundamental unit of life; can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a nucleus; include bacteria and archaea.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain a nucleus; include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Homeostasis: Ability of organisms to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Metabolism: All biochemical processes within an organism, including anabolism and catabolism.
DNA and RNA: Molecules responsible for genetic information storage and transfer.
Natural Selection: Mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to the environment tend to survive and reproduce.

Ecosystem: Community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Biodiversity: Variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem; essential for ecosystem resilience.

Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
Cell Respiration: Process of converting glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Reproduction: Mechanisms by which organisms produce new individuals; includes asexual and sexual reproduction.

Biotechnology: Use of living systems and organisms to develop products.
Synthetic Biology: Design and construction of new biological parts and systems.
Conservation Biology: Study of preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species.

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.
It encompasses diverse fields like genetics, ecology, evolution, and molecular biology.

Cell Biology: Focuses on cell structure, function, and interactions.
Genetics: Studies heredity, genes, and genetic variation.
Evolutionary Biology: Investigates the origins and changes in organisms over time.
Ecology: Examines organism interactions with each other and their environment.
Physiology: Studies the biological functions and processes within organisms.
Microbiology: Studies microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

The basic unit of life is the cell, existing as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus (e.g., bacteria, archaea).
Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus (e.g., plants, animals, fungi, protists).

Homeostasis: Maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes.
Metabolism: The sum of all chemical processes within an organism (anabolism and catabolism).
DNA and RNA: Molecules crucial for storing and transferring genetic information.
Natural Selection: A mechanism of evolution where organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

Organisms are categorized hierarchically: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Biodiversity represents the variety of life within a habitat or ecosystem; crucial for ecosystem stability.

Photosynthesis: Plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
Cellular Respiration: Glucose and oxygen are converted into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Reproduction: Mechanisms enabling organisms to produce offspring (asexual and sexual reproduction).