Overview of Biology

Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms.
It encompasses various fields, including genetics, ecology, evolution, and microbiology.

Zoology: Study of animals.
Botany: Study of plants.
Microbiology: Study of microorganisms.
Genetics: Study of heredity and variation in organisms.
Ecology: Study of organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Evolutionary Biology: Study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.

Theory of evolution explains how species change over time through natural selection.
Key concepts include adaptation, variation, and survival of the fittest.

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Photosynthesis: Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Cellular Respiration: Process of breaking down glucose to produce energy (ATP) in cells.

Understanding biological principles is essential for advancements in medicine, environmental conservation, and biotechnology.

Biology explores the complexities of life, focusing on living organisms and their interactions.
Key fields within biology include genetics, ecology, evolution, and microbiology.

Zoology: Examines animal species, their behavior, and physiology.
Botany: Investigates plant life, including structure, growth, and reproduction.
Microbiology: Studies microscopic organisms, including bacteria and viruses.
Genetics: Explores heredity, gene function, and variations among species.
Ecology: Analyzes ecosystems and the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Evolutionary Biology: Investigates the processes that drive the diversity and adaptation of life over time.

DNA encodes genetic information critical for the development and functioning of organisms.
Genes, as segments of DNA, play a pivotal role in determining individual traits.
Mendelian inheritance describes how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring, following specific ratios.

Evolutionary theory elucidates species adaptation and change via natural selection mechanisms.
Fundamental concepts essential to evolution include adaptation (adjustments to environments), variation (genetic differences among individuals), and "survival of the fittest" (natural selection).

Ecosystems combine living (biotic) factors, such as organisms, and non-living (abiotic) factors, like water and soil, to form comprehensive systems.
Biotic factors include all living elements within the ecosystem, while abiotic factors refer to the physical conditions influencing life.

Organisms are systemically classified into categories: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, which helps in organizing biological diversity.

Homeostasis refers to life forms' ability to regulate and maintain stable internal conditions, such as temperature and pH, despite fluctuating external environments.

Photosynthesis: A process wherein plants utilize light energy to synthesize glucose, essential for their growth and energy needs.
Cellular Respiration: A process that converts glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells.

Anatomy focuses on the physical structures of organisms and their systems.
Physiology delves into the mechanisms and functions of these structures within living organisms.

Mastery of biological concepts is crucial for innovations in health care, ecological sustainability, and advancements in biotechnological applications.