Overview of Anatomy Quiz

Definition: The branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

Gross Anatomy:
- Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Includes systems like skeletal, muscular, and circulatory.
Microscopic Anatomy:
- Study of structures at the cellular or tissue level using a microscope.
- Two main types:
  - Histology: Study of tissues.
  - Cytology: Study of cells.
Developmental Anatomy:
- Study of the changes in structure from conception to adulthood.
- Includes embryology, focusing on the early development of organisms.
Comparative Anatomy:
- Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
- Helps in understanding evolutionary relationships.
Clinical Anatomy:
- Application of anatomical knowledge to clinical practice.
- Important for diagnosis and treatment in medicine.

Planes of the Body:
- Sagittal Plane: Divides body into left and right.
- Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back).
- Transverse Plane: Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Towards the head.
- Inferior: Towards the feet.
- Anterior (Ventral): Towards the front.
- Posterior (Dorsal): Towards the back.
- Medial: Towards the midline.
- Lateral: Away from the midline.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment.
- Distal: Further from the point of attachment.

Skeletal System:
- Consists of bones, cartilages, and joints.
- Functions: support, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell production.
Muscular System:
- Comprises skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
- Functions: movement, posture, heat production.
Circulatory System:
- Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transportation of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste.
Nervous System:
- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: control of body activities, response to stimuli.
Digestive System:
- Involves organs like the mouth, stomach, intestines.
- Functions: breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste.
Respiratory System:
- Includes the lungs and airways.
- Functions: gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Endocrine System:
- Comprises glands that secrete hormones (e.g., thyroid, adrenal).
- Functions: regulation of metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Reproductive System:
- Involves organs for reproduction (ovaries, testes).
- Functions: production of gametes, hormone secretion.
Integumentary System:
- Composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands.
- Functions: protection, sensation, temperature regulation.

Standard position used as a reference:
- Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together.

Anatomy is the biology branch focused on studying organism structures and their parts.

Gross Anatomy: Examines structures visible without a microscope, including skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems.
Microscopic Anatomy: Explores structures at the cellular or tissue level through microscopy.
- Histology: Study of tissues.
- Cytology: Study of cells.
Developmental Anatomy: Investigates structural changes from conception to adulthood, emphasizing embryology.
Comparative Anatomy: Compares anatomical features across different species to understand evolutionary relationships.
Clinical Anatomy: Applies anatomical knowledge to clinical practice, aiding in medical diagnosis and treatment.

Planes of the Body:
- Sagittal Plane: Divides body into left and right parts.
- Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
- Transverse Plane: Divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Toward the head.
- Inferior: Toward the feet.
- Anterior (Ventral): Toward the front.
- Posterior (Dorsal): Toward the back.
- Medial: Toward the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline of the body.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment.
- Distal: Further from the point of attachment.

Skeletal System: Comprises bones, cartilages, and joints. Functions include support, movement, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System: Consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Functions involve movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.
Circulatory System: Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Nervous System: Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Its functions include controlling body activities and responding to stimuli.
Digestive System: Involves organs like the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Its roles include food breakdown, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Respiratory System: Consists of lungs and airways, responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Endocrine System: Comprises hormone-secreting glands such as thyroid and adrenal. Functions include regulating metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Reproductive System: Involves reproductive organs (ovaries, testes) for gamete production and hormone secretion.
Integumentary System: Composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands, serving functions such as protection, sensation, and temperature regulation.