Overview of Anatomy Quiz

Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
It is divided into two main fields:
- Gross Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures at the cellular level (histology and cytology).

Skeletal System
- Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System
- Composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
- Functions: Movement, posture maintenance, and heat production.
Nervous System
- Comprises the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: Control and coordination of body activities, sensory information processing, and response initiation.
Circulatory System
- Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Respiratory System
- Composed of lungs, trachea, and airways.
- Functions: Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Digestive System
- Comprises the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs (liver, pancreas).
- Functions: Breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Endocrine System
- Consists of glands (e.g., thyroid, adrenal) that secrete hormones.
- Functions: Regulation of metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.
Urinary System
- Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: Excretion of waste, regulation of blood volume and pressure, electrolyte balance.
Reproductive System
- Male: Testes, penis, and associated ducts.
- Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.
- Functions: Production of gametes, hormone secretion, and reproduction.

Anatomical Position: Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides, palms facing forward.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Above
- Inferior: Below
- Anterior (Ventral): Front
- Posterior (Dorsal): Back
- Medial: Toward the midline
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment
- Distal: Farther from the point of attachment

Dorsal Cavity: Includes the cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spine).
Ventral Cavity: Includes thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive organs and reproductive organs).

Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities, involved in protection, absorption, and secretion.
Connective Tissue: Supports and binds other tissues; types include bone, blood, adipose, and cartilage.
Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement; includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and glial cells; involved in transmission of signals throughout the body.

Examines the development of the human body from fertilization to adulthood.
Key stages:
- Zygote: Fertilized egg
- Embryo: Development up to 8 weeks
- Fetus: Development from 9 weeks to birth

Focuses on the anatomy as it relates to medical practice.
Important for understanding disease processes, surgical techniques, and medical imaging.

Anatomy studies the structure of organisms and their parts, essential to understanding biological functions.
Divided into gross anatomy (visible structures) and microscopic anatomy (cellular structures).

Skeletal System: Comprises bones, cartilage, and ligaments; supports the body, facilitates movement, protects vital organs, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.
Muscular System: Encompasses skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles; responsible for voluntary and involuntary movements, posture, and heat generation.
Nervous System: Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls body activities, processes sensory information, and initiates responses.
Circulatory System: Comprises the heart, blood vessels, and blood; transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.
Respiratory System: Consists of lungs, trachea, and airways; facilitates gas exchange, supplying oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Digestive System: Encompasses the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas; breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.
Endocrine System: Consists of hormone-secreting glands such as the thyroid and adrenal glands; regulates metabolism, growth, and homeostasis.
Urinary System: Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra; excretes waste, regulates blood volume and pressure, and maintains electrolyte balance.
Reproductive System:
- Male: Testes and penis produce sperm.
- Female: Ovaries and uterus produce eggs; both systems also secrete hormones essential for reproduction.

Anatomical Position: Standard body stance; standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Above
- Inferior: Below
- Anterior (Ventral): Front
- Posterior (Dorsal): Back
- Medial: Toward the midline
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Proximal: Closer to attachment point
- Distal: Farther from attachment point

Dorsal Cavity: Comprises the cranial cavity (encasing the brain) and spinal cavity (housing the spinal cord).
Ventral Cavity: Contains the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive and reproductive organs).

Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces, lines cavities; functions in protection, absorption, and secretion.
Connective Tissue: Supports and binds other tissues; includes types such as bone, blood, adipose, and cartilage.
Muscle Tissue: Facilitates movement; includes skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (heart) muscle.
Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and glial cells; responsible for signal transmission throughout the body.

Studies human body development from fertilization to adulthood;
Key stages include the zygote (fertilized egg), embryo (up to 8 weeks development), and fetus (from 9 weeks to birth).

Examines anatomical knowledge as applied in medical practice; critical for understanding disease mechanisms, surgical approaches, and medical imaging techniques.