Overview of Anatomy Quiz

Overview of Anatomy

Study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
Divided into two main branches:
- Gross Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures at the cellular and tissue level.

Major Systems of the Human Body

Skeletal System
- Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: supports the body, protects organs, aids in movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells.
Muscular System
- Composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
- Functions: movement of the body, posture maintenance, heat production.
Circulatory System
- Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste throughout the body.
Respiratory System
- Comprises the lungs and airways.
- Functions: facilitates gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out).
Digestive System
- Composed of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs (e.g., liver, pancreas).
- Functions: breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste.
Nervous System
- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: controls body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands that secrete hormones (e.g., thyroid, adrenal).
- Functions: regulates various processes including growth, metabolism, and mood.
Immune System
- Composed of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and immune cells.
- Functions: protects the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
Integumentary System
- Composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands.
- Functions: protects body from external damage, regulates temperature, provides sensory information.
Urinary System
- Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: removes waste from blood, regulates fluid balance and electrolyte levels.
Reproductive System
- Composed of male (testes, penis) and female (ovaries, uterus) structures.
- Functions: produces sex cells and hormones, supports development of offspring.

Anatomical Terminology

Directional Terms:
- Superior (above), Inferior (below), Anterior (front), Posterior (back), Lateral (side), Medial (middle), Proximal (closer to trunk), Distal (farther from trunk).
Body Planes:
- Sagittal (divides left and right), Frontal (divides anterior and posterior), Transverse (divides superior and inferior).

Anatomical Regions

Head and Neck: Includes skull, face, and neck structures.
Thorax: Contains the rib cage, lungs, and heart.
Abdomen: Houses digestive organs.
Pelvis: Contains urinary and reproductive organs.
Limbs: Includes upper and lower extremities (arms and legs).

Note on Homeostasis

Anatomy works closely with physiology to maintain homeostasis, ensuring stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Anatomy Overview

Study of organism structure and parts.
Two main branches: gross (macroscopic) and microscopic anatomy.

Major Human Body Systems

Skeletal System: Bones, cartilage, ligaments; supports, protects, aids movement, mineral storage, blood cell production.
Muscular System: Skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles; body movement, posture, heat production.
Circulatory System: Heart, blood vessels, blood; nutrient, gas, hormone, and waste transport.
Respiratory System: Lungs, airways; gas exchange (oxygen intake, carbon dioxide expulsion).
Digestive System: Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs (liver, pancreas); food breakdown, nutrient absorption, waste elimination.
Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, nerves; controls body functions via signal transmission.
Endocrine System: Hormone-secreting glands (e.g., thyroid, adrenal); regulates growth, metabolism, mood, etc.
Immune System: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, immune cells; pathogen and foreign substance defense.
Integumentary System: Skin, hair, nails, glands; protection, temperature regulation, sensory input.
Urinary System: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra; waste removal, fluid and electrolyte balance.
Reproductive System: Male (testes, penis) and female (ovaries, uterus) organs; sex cell and hormone production, offspring development.

Anatomical Terminology

Directional Terms: Superior/inferior (above/below), anterior/posterior (front/back), lateral/medial (side/middle), proximal/distal (closer to/farther from trunk).
Body Planes: Sagittal (left/right), frontal (anterior/posterior), transverse (superior/inferior).