Ovarian Cycle Overview
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Questions and Answers

What initiates the ovarian cycle?

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Corpus luteum formation
  • Hypothalamic impulses (correct)

    • Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating follicle growth?

  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) (correct)

    • What occurs after the release of the mature ovum from the follicle?

  • Formation of the primordial follicle
  • Degeneration of the mature follicle
  • Development of the corpus luteum (correct)
  • Hypothalamic stimulation increases

    • What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>It degenerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the ovarian cycle?

    <p>It includes complex interactions between hormones and follicle maturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does FSH play in the growth of ovarian follicles?

    <p>It stimulates the degeneration of the majority of follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the LH surge at mid-cycle?

    <p>Meiosis I is completed and meiosis II is initiated in oocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily involved in the production of androgens during follicle maturation?

    <p>Theca interna cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the ovulatory phase regarding the ovarian surface?

    <p>The ovarian surface bulges creating a stigma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of prostaglandins during ovulation?

    <p>They induce muscular contractions in the ovarian wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is formed from the degeneration of atretic follicles?

    <p>Corpus atreticum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the mature vesicular follicle before ovulation?

    <p>25 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that facilitates sperm movement from the cervix to the uterine tube?

    <p>Muscular contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of fertilization does the inner acrosomal membrane dissolve?

    <p>Penetration of the zona pellucida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sperm deposited in the vagina is likely to reach the cervix?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization primarily occur within the female reproductive system?

    <p>Ampullary region of the uterine tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the polar body play during the fertilization process?

    <p>It undergoes division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs during the formation of the corpus luteum?

    <p>Granulosa and theca interna cells accumulate lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) affect the corpus luteum after fertilization?

    <p>Promotes progesterone production and prevents its degeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fimbriae play in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>They collect the oocyte and guide it into the uterine tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if the corpus luteum is removed before the fourth month of pregnancy?

    <p>It usually leads to an abortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during ovulation?

    <p>The oocyte is released along with cumulus oophorus cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in a large corpus luteum due to the gestational phase?

    <p>If the oocyte is fertilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zona pellucida in fertilization?

    <p>To facilitate and maintain sperm binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fertilization involves the acrosome reaction?

    <p>Penetration of the Zona Pellucida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process is sperm coated with glycoprotein removed?

    <p>Capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after sperm reach the isthmus in terms of motility?

    <p>Sperm motility decreases before re-motility in the ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the conditioning process of sperm known as capacitation?

    <p>Interaction with the uterine tube lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ZP3 in the fertilization process?

    <p>To mediate sperm binding to the zona pellucida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs immediately after the sperm enters the oocyte?

    <p>Completion of the second meiotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the fusion of sperm and oocyte membranes, which part of the sperm typically participates in the fusion?

    <p>The posterior region of the sperm head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates early embryogenesis and metabolic activation of the egg?

    <p>A factor carried by the sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the male pronucleus after the sperm nucleus swells?

    <p>It duplicates its DNA for the two-cell zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the transition of a growing follicle to a vesicular follicle?

    <p>LH hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

    <p>To secrete progesterone and estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of follicle development is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled antrum?

    <p>Vesicular follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response may some women experience during ovulation?

    <p>Mild pain known as mittelschmerz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the oocyte reach the uterine lumen after ovulation?

    <p>Via peristaltic muscular contractions and ciliary action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers oocyte transport into the uterine tube shortly before ovulation?

    <p>Sweeping of fimbriae and rhythmic contractions of the tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormonal changes occur just before ovulation?

    <p>Surge in LH due to estrogen stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of follicle contains a primary oocyte surrounded by follicular cells?

    <p>Primordial follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does LH have on the mating stage of the follicle?

    <p>It induces the completion of meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the cortical and zona reactions in the oocyte?

    <p>Direct contact between sperm and oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which change occurs to the zona pellucida after sperm penetration?

    <p>It is chemically altered to inactivate sperm receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens immediately after the entry of sperm into the oocyte?

    <p>The oocyte completes its second meiotic division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of integrins in the fertilization process?

    <p>They help in the initial adhesion of sperm to the oocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the sperm nucleus after it enters the oocyte?

    <p>It swells, forming the male pronucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for each pronucleus to replicate its DNA before division?

    <p>To ensure both cells have equal genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents polyspermy during the fertilization process?

    <p>Chemical changes in the zona pellucida after one sperm penetrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately happens to the sperm's tail after entering the oocyte?

    <p>It detaches and degenerates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome associated with ART conceptions in terms of birth weight?

    <p>Increased likelihood of very low birth weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ICSI in assisted reproductive technology?

    <p>To overcome severe male infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what maternal age does the success rate of IVF drop to less than 5%?

    <p>Over 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of cleavage occurs after the zygote becomes a compacted ball of cells?

    <p>Morula stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the inner cell mass from the outer cell mass during the cleavage process?

    <p>Outer cells form the structure of the blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive technology is more likely to result in multiple births?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor that affects the success rates of assisted reproductive technology?

    <p>The age of the maternal partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key risk associated with the use of ICSI in assisted reproductive technology?

    <p>Higher likelihood of genetic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of fertilization regarding chromosome numbers and composition?

    <p>Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes, with half from each parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method primarily works by directly preventing sperm from entering the uterus?

    <p>Barrier methods including condoms and diaphragms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding hormonal contraceptive pills is true?

    <p>Combination pills usually include both estrogen and progestin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of male infertility as described?

    <p>Insufficient sperm counts or poor motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs)?

    <p>They release progestin, affecting the uterine lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor that can affect female infertility?

    <p>Issues with the reproductive anatomy, such as blocked tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs)?

    <p>They prevent ovulation or alter the uterine lining to prevent implantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal expected sperm concentration in a healthy male ejaculate?

    <p>100 million sperm/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

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