Ovarian Cycle and Follicle Development
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

  • It continues to produce hormones.
  • It forms a fibrotic scar tissue called the corpus albicans. (correct)
  • It enlarges to support the embryo.
  • It is maintained by human chorionic gonadotropin.

    • Which hormone prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum following fertilization?

  • Estrogen
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (correct)
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Progesterone

    • What is the result of the cortical and zona reaction that occurs when the oocyte is fertilized?

  • Prevention of polyspermy (correct)
  • Development of the corpus albicans
  • Activation of endogenous transcription factors
  • Formation of the male pronucleus

    • What marks the swelling of the sperm nucleus during fertilization?

    <p>Formation of the male pronucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the resumption of the second meiotic division in an egg?

    <p>Fertilization of the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location where fertilization occurs?

    <p>Ampullary region of the fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs as a result of fertilization concerning the chromosome number?

    <p>Restoration of the diploid number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process initiates after fertilization and involves division of the zygote?

    <p>Cleavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of cell division is reached approximately 30 hours after fertilization?

    <p>Two-celled zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cells after the third cleavage division during embryonic development?

    <p>They compact and segregate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant structure develops as a result of blastocyst implantation?

    <p>Corpus luteum of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point is the four-cell stage of development typically achieved?

    <p>40 hours after fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do tight junctions serve during the compaction of cells after cleavage?

    <p>They hold cells together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration taken for the blastocyst to completely wedge itself into the endometrial lining after fertilization?

    <p>5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does implantation typically occur during the process of early pregnancy?

    <p>Around the 7th day after fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key development begins immediately after the blastocyst has implanted into the uterine lining?

    <p>Cell division to form the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the structure that implants into the uterine lining?

    <p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what stage of pregnancy does implantation occur?

    <p>Early stage of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after the blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining?

    <p>Cell division begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about implantation is NOT true?

    <p>It takes approximately 5 days for the blastocyst to implant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the blastocyst prepare for implantation?

    <p>By undergoing several cell divisions to form tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cumulus oophorus cells during ovulation?

    <p>They assist in the formation of the zona radiata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the granulosa cells after ovulation?

    <p>They become vascularized and develop into lutein cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event must happen to spermatozoa before they can fertilize an oocyte?

    <p>They must undergo capacitation and an acrosome reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the muscular contractions in the ovarian wall during ovulation?

    <p>High concentrations of luteinizing hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when granulosa cells are transformed under the influence of luteinizing hormone?

    <p>The corpus luteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the zona pellucida during fertilization?

    <p>To provide a glycoprotein layer for sperm binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the follicle's environment after ovulation?

    <p>The cavity is filled with fibrin and vascularized cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the process that spermatozoa undergo to prepare for fertilization?

    <p>Capacitation followed by zona protein binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the vesicular (Graafian) stage as it enters Meiosis II?

    <p>It is arrested in metaphase approximately 3 hours before ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms a fibrotic scar tissue if fertilization does not occur?

    <p>Corpus Albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the degeneration of Lutein Cells?

    <p>Formation of the Corpus Albicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the sequence of phases of fertilization?

    <p>Penetration of Zona pellucida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phases occurs immediately after the penetration of Zona Pellucida?

    <p>Oocyte activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Zona Pellucida during fertilization?

    <p>It acts as a protective layer that must be penetrated by sperm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs approximately 2 hours after ovulation?

    <p>Arrest in metaphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Corpus Luteum?

    <p>Secretion of hormones to maintain the uterine lining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ovarian Cycle and Follicle Development

    • Remaining cavity of the follicle post-ovulation fills with fibrin.
    • High LH concentration increases prostaglandin levels, causing muscular contractions in the ovarian wall, aiding in oocyte expulsion with surrounding granulosa cells.
    • Granulosa cells from the ruptured follicle become lutein cells under LH influence, forming the corpus luteum.

    Capacitation and Fertilization

    • Spermatozoa cannot fertilize the oocyte immediately; they undergo Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction after reaching the uterine tube.
    • Capacitation involves the removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma membrane surrounding the sperm's acrosomal region.
    • The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcG) prevents corpus luteum degeneration if fertilization occurs.

    Fertilization Process

    • Fertilization occurs in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube.
    • Sperm movement aided by uterine muscular contractions, not just sperm propulsion.
    • Fertilization restores the diploid chromosome number, determines sex, and initiates cleavage.

    Early Embryonic Development

    • A two-celled zygote is formed about 30 hours after fertilization and undergoes cleavage divisions, developing into blastomeres.
    • Can reach the four-cell stage around 40 hours post-fertilization.
    • After three cleavage divisions, cells compact, segregating into an inner cell mass and outer cell mass, forming a 16-cell morula by day three.

    Implantation

    • The blastocyst forms after several divisions and is ready for implantation approximately seven days post-fertilization.
    • Implantation involves the blastocyst embedding into the uterine lining, taking about five days to complete.
    • Following implantation, cell division begins to specialize forming the embryo's body and placenta.

    Following Ovulation

    • Most cases of implantation occur around 9 days after ovulation, marking an early stage of pregnancy.
    • Alongside the hormonal changes, this process is integral to successful implantation and embryo development.

    Key Terms

    • Corpus Luteum: Temporary endocrine structure formed from ruptured follicles.
    • Corpus Albicans: Fibrotic scar tissue formed if fertilization does not occur.
    • Capacitation: Process enabling sperm to penetrate the oocyte.
    • Acrosome Reaction: Release of enzymes allowing sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the ovarian cycle and the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in regulating reproductive processes. Test your understanding of follicle stages from primordial to Graafian follicles. Ideal for students studying reproductive biology.

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