Outliers Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of opportunity?

The belief that people were provided a chance to have success.

What does novice level refer to?

Beginning level.

What is meant by individual merit?

Judged based on one's own performance.

In which month is success in hockey more likely for those born?

<p>January.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which month is success in hockey less likely for those born?

<p>December.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Matthew Effect' relate to in terms of hockey success?

<p>Birth date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect in education correlates to the Matthew Effect?

<p>Kindergarten cut-off date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does accumulative advantage refer to?

<p>The notion that success is acquired by early involvement that builds on talent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a means to adapt education based on the concept of the 'Matthew Effect'?

<p>Classes created based on birth dates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What success is associated with Bill Joy?

<p>Rewriting a software system called UNIX.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What success is associated with Bill Gates?

<p>The creation of Microsoft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are referred to as naturals?

<p>People who rise to the top effortlessly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do talent and preparation lead to?

<p>Achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are referred to as grinds?

<p>People who work harder than others and rise to the top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many years would it take to achieve 10,000 hours of practice?

<ol start="10"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert?

<p>10,000 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outside factor attributed to Bill Joy's success?

<p>Access to a computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who achieved a perfect score on the SAT?

<p>Bill Joy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was needed to become successful?

<p>The opportunity to learn how to become an expert.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led the Beatles to become successful?

<p>Repeated 8-hour concerts in Hamburg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What early advantage did Bill Gates have?

<p>Attending private school with real-time computer programming as an 8th grader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Bill Gates get his 'practice'?

<p>Between 3 and 6 AM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the list of successful Americans, what factor provided them the greatest opportunity?

<p>The time period when born.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Opportunity and Success Factors

  • Opportunity refers to the chances individuals have to achieve success.
  • Birth month can significantly impact success in hockey, with January being advantageous and December being less favorable.
  • The 'Matthew Effect' illustrates how early advantages can compound over time, influencing long-term success in sports and academics.

Educational Correlations

  • Kindergarten cut-off dates contribute to disparities in academic achievement, reflecting the Matthew Effect in education.
  • Suggestion of creating classes based on birth dates to adapt educational outcomes.

Accumulative Advantage

  • Accumulative advantage stems from early involvement that enhances talent, leading to greater success.
  • Achievement is a result of both talent and extensive preparation, measured at approximately 10,000 hours of practice.

Notable Success Stories

  • Bill Joy is recognized for rewriting the UNIX operating system, demonstrating the significance of early computer access and practice.
  • Bill Gates is celebrated for founding Microsoft after gaining critical early exposure to programming.

Key Attributes of Successful Individuals

  • “Naturals” are individuals who excel with seemingly less effort, while “grinds” refer to those who achieve through hard work and perseverance.
  • Mastery of a skill or field typically requires around 10,000 hours of dedicated practice.

Unique Opportunities and Experiences

  • Bill Joy achieved perfect SAT scores, indicating a high level of aptitude influenced by his access to resources.
  • The Beatles' success was largely attributed to their extensive performance experience in Hamburg, performing eight-hour concerts regularly.
  • Bill Gates had an early advantage with access to computing resources in a private school environment during his formative years.

Timing and Opportunity

  • The time period during which an individual is born can grant significant advantages, affecting opportunities for success in various fields.

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Description

Enhance your understanding of the key concepts from the first two chapters of Malcolm Gladwell's 'Outliers'. This quiz features essential vocabulary and definitions that highlight the factors contributing to success. Perfect for a concise review or study aid!

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