Out of Control Factors in Determination

What might be a reason for a determination to be out of control?

Improper timing or incubation temperature

What is specificity in a test defined as?

The proportion of subjects without the specific disease who have a negative test result

What must be known to assess the Predictive Value (PV) for a test?

Sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence of the disease

What is the prevalence of a disease?

The proportion of a population who have the disease Signup and view all the answers

What should each laboratory do to verify its accuracy based on the text?

Participate in an external Proficiency Testing program Signup and view all the answers

What is incorporated into CLIA requirements, according to the text?

Proficiency Testing (PT) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of tertiary (late) syphilis?

Large sores inside the body or on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of meningovascular syphilis?

Seizure or cerebrovascular accident (stroke) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from involvement of the posterior columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord in syphilis?

Tabes dorsalis with a broad-based gait Signup and view all the answers

In syphilis, what might involve brain tissues and cause general paresis, personality changes, dementia, and delusional states?

Spirochetes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with secondary syphilis?

Nasal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which type of syphilis typically resolves within 2 to 6 weeks even without therapy?

Secondary syphilis Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive result when testing for acute-phase proteins?

Agglutination of the latex suspension Signup and view all the answers

How is a negative reaction determined in acute-phase protein testing?

Visible agglutination in both the undiluted and 1:5 diluted specimens Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of monitoring acute-phase proteins?

Assessing response to therapy in inflammatory diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is considered fastest responding and most sensitive indicator of acute inflammation?

C-reactive protein Signup and view all the answers

What initiates and sustains the increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins after tissue injury?

Pro-inflammatory factors Signup and view all the answers

How do the changes in C-reactive protein levels parallel the inflammatory response?

They return to lower undetectable levels as inflammation subsides Signup and view all the answers

Which region is most affected by HEV infections due to poor sanitation conditions?

Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia Signup and view all the answers

What is the average incubation period for HEV infection?

4 to 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How long does the acute, self-limiting hepatitis caused by HEV infection typically last?

2 to 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

When does fecal shedding of HEV occur?

During the first week after the onset of jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which group is more susceptible to fulminant hepatitis caused by HEV infection?

Pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Hepatitis G virus (HGV) in human hepatitis?

The role of HGV in human hepatitis is unclear Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dividing the glass slide into squares?

To create designated areas for adding serum and antigens Signup and view all the answers

How should the serum and antigen be mixed?

Using a separate applicator stick for each serum quantity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the control in the Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette?

To confirm the validity of the test results Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette?

Lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the T1 band on the test cassette?

To detect IgM antibodies against Salmonella typhi Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the conjugate pad in the test cassette?

It contains the test antigens for detecting Typhoid antibodies Signup and view all the answers