Out of Control Factors in Determination
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Questions and Answers

What might be a reason for a determination to be out of control?

  • Improper timing or incubation temperature (correct)
  • Excessive light exposure during testing
  • Use of a method suitable to the needs of the laboratory
  • High humidity in the laboratory

    • What is specificity in a test defined as?

  • The proportion of subjects with the specific disease who have a positive test result
  • The number of true positive results produced
  • The number of false positive results produced
  • The proportion of subjects without the specific disease who have a negative test result (correct)

    • What must be known to assess the Predictive Value (PV) for a test?

  • Sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence of the disease (correct)
  • Prevalence of the disease only
  • Prevalence and incidence of the disease
  • Incidence of the disease only

    • What is the prevalence of a disease?

    <p>The proportion of a population who have the disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should each laboratory do to verify its accuracy based on the text?

    <p>Participate in an external Proficiency Testing program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incorporated into CLIA requirements, according to the text?

    <p>Proficiency Testing (PT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of tertiary (late) syphilis?

    <p>Large sores inside the body or on the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of meningovascular syphilis?

    <p>Seizure or cerebrovascular accident (stroke) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from involvement of the posterior columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord in syphilis?

    <p>Tabes dorsalis with a broad-based gait (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In syphilis, what might involve brain tissues and cause general paresis, personality changes, dementia, and delusional states?

    <p>Spirochetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with secondary syphilis?

    <p>Nasal discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of syphilis typically resolves within 2 to 6 weeks even without therapy?

    <p>Secondary syphilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a positive result when testing for acute-phase proteins?

    <p>Agglutination of the latex suspension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a negative reaction determined in acute-phase protein testing?

    <p>Visible agglutination in both the undiluted and 1:5 diluted specimens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical significance of monitoring acute-phase proteins?

    <p>Assessing response to therapy in inflammatory diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is considered fastest responding and most sensitive indicator of acute inflammation?

    <p>C-reactive protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates and sustains the increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins after tissue injury?

    <p>Pro-inflammatory factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the changes in C-reactive protein levels parallel the inflammatory response?

    <p>They return to lower undetectable levels as inflammation subsides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is most affected by HEV infections due to poor sanitation conditions?

    <p>Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average incubation period for HEV infection?

    <p>4 to 6 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the acute, self-limiting hepatitis caused by HEV infection typically last?

    <p>2 to 4 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does fecal shedding of HEV occur?

    <p>During the first week after the onset of jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more susceptible to fulminant hepatitis caused by HEV infection?

    <p>Pregnant women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Hepatitis G virus (HGV) in human hepatitis?

    <p>The role of HGV in human hepatitis is unclear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the glass slide into squares?

    <p>To create designated areas for adding serum and antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the serum and antigen be mixed?

    <p>Using a separate applicator stick for each serum quantity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control in the Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette?

    <p>To confirm the validity of the test results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the Typhoid IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette?

    <p>Lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the T1 band on the test cassette?

    <p>To detect IgM antibodies against Salmonella typhi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the conjugate pad in the test cassette?

    <p>It contains the test antigens for detecting Typhoid antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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