Our Solar System
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest size of a meteoroid?

  • A car
  • A building
  • A piece of dust (correct)
  • A planet

    • What is the name given to a meteoroid that enters the Earth's atmosphere?

  • Meteorite
  • Dwarf planet
  • Asteroid
  • Meteor (correct)

    • What is the region beyond the gas giants that is full of dwarf planets, asteroids, and meteoroids?

  • The Oort cloud
  • The solar system
  • The atmosphere
  • The Kuiper belt (correct)

    • Who developed the theory that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun?

    <p>Copernicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the theory that the Earth is at the center of the universe?

    <p>Geocentric theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of Galileo's first book that publicly supported the Copernican model?

    <p>Starry Messenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of Galileo publicly supporting the Copernican model?

    <p>He was warned by the Church not to publicly support Copernicus again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region that marks the boundary of our solar system?

    <p>The Oort cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a planet?

    <p>Dominating its orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars?

    <p>Terrestrial planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Pluto not considered a planet?

    <p>It doesn't dominate its orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are asteroids?

    <p>Rocky or metallic objects too small to form a spherical shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about moons?

    <p>They can be as large as planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest planet in our solar system?

    <p>Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of gas giants?

    <p>They are made of gases and liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are meteoroids?

    <p>Small pieces of metal or rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition necessary for an eclipse to occur?

    <p>The Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the alignment of the Sun, Earth, and Moon during an eclipse?

    <p>Syzygy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do the same patterns of eclipses repeat?

    <p>Every 18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only phase of the Moon during which a solar eclipse can occur?

    <p>New Moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eclipse occurs when the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth?

    <p>Solar Eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen during a total solar eclipse that is not visible during other types of eclipses?

    <p>The Sun's corona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of solar eclipses are there?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the Moon's shadow on the Earth during a solar eclipse?

    <p>Umbra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason the Moon has to travel a slightly longer distance to get back into the New Moon phase?

    <p>The Earth is moving through space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the axis of the Earth?

    <p>The line connecting the North and South Poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Earth's revolution around the Sun?

    <p>The changing of the seasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Northern Hemisphere tilted away from the Sun?

    <p>During the winter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the areas along the equator?

    <p>They receive 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night consistently throughout the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs on the equinox?

    <p>12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night everywhere on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does the equinox occur during the Earth's revolution?

    <p>Twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the June solstice?

    <p>It is the day with the most sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the Moon only blocks a portion of the Sun?

    <p>Partial solar eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the Sun that is visible during a total solar eclipse?

    <p>Corona</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the event when the Moon completely blocks the Sun?

    <p>Total solar eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the Moon appear red during a total lunar eclipse?

    <p>Due to the Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow?

    <p>Lunar eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the Moon during a lunar eclipse?

    <p>The Moon does not change shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the appearance of the Moon during a total lunar eclipse?

    <p>Blood moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lunar eclipse does not exist?

    <p>Annular lunar eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Our Solar System

    • Our solar system consists of 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
    • To be considered a planet, an object must:
      • Be in orbit around a star (like our Sun)
      • Dominate its orbit (i.e., its mass must be greater than anything else that crosses its orbit)
    • Our solar system has two main types of planets:
      • Terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars (smaller, hard, rocky surfaces)
      • Gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune (larger, composed of gases and liquids)

    Dwarf Planets and Smaller Objects

    • Our solar system also consists of smaller objects that orbit the Sun, including:
      • Pluto, a dwarf planet that doesn't meet the new definition of a planet
      • Moons (natural satellites that orbit planets or dwarf planets)
      • Asteroids (small, irregularly shaped objects made of rock and metal)
      • Meteoroids (small pieces of metal or rock)
    • Meteoroids can be as small as dust or as large as a car or building
    • If a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it's called a meteor; if it hits the surface, it's called a meteorite

    The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud

    • Beyond the gas giants lies the Kuiper belt, full of dwarf planets, asteroids, and meteoroids
    • The Oort cloud marks the boundary of our solar system

    Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Views

    • The Geocentric Theory: the Earth is at the center of the universe, and all planets revolve around it
    • Aristotle placed the Earth at the center of the universe
    • Ptolemy advanced the geocentric theory, adding mathematics to support it
    • Heliocentrism: the theory that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
    • Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, which was later supported by Galileo

    Eclipses

    • An eclipse is an astronomical event involving objects casting shadows on each other
    • There are two main types of eclipses: solar and lunar
    • Solar eclipses occur when the Moon casts a shadow on Earth
    • Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon
    • Eclipses can only occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (in syzygy)
    • Solar eclipses can be total, partial, or annular
    • Lunar eclipses can be partial or total

    Phases of the Moon

    • As the Moon orbits the Earth, different shapes appear due to changing sunlight reflection
    • The Moon never changes shape, but appears to due to its orbit

    Seasonal Change

    • Earth has an axis about which it spins, creating day and night
    • Earth orbits the Sun, taking one year to complete a revolution
    • As the Earth revolves around the Sun, different parts are tilted towards or away from the Sun, causing seasonal changes
    • When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it experiences winter; the Southern Hemisphere experiences summer
    • Areas along the equator get 12 hours of daylight and night consistently throughout the year
    • North and south of the equator, the length of day and night changes throughout the year

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    Description

    Learn about the planets in our solar system, including the characteristics of terrestrial and gas giant planets. Test your knowledge of the solar system!

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