Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary goals of nutritional management in a diabetic diet?
Which macronutrient is recommended to represent 50-60% of the caloric distribution in a diabetic diet?
What is the maximum sodium intake recommended for the standard DASH diet?
The DASH diet primarily encourages the intake of nutrients associated with which health benefit?
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In a cardiac diet, which of the following is restricted?
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How many ounce equivalents does one large bagel count as?
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Which mineral is closely encouraged in the DASH diet to help manage hypertension?
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What is a common characteristic of all therapeutic diets mentioned?
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What is the amount that counts as 1 ounce equivalent for oatmeal?
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How many small pancakes would equal 3 ounce equivalents?
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Which of the following serves as an ounce equivalent for crackers?
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What is the recommended action if a client begins to vomit during tube feeding?
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What portion size of cornbread counts as 1 ounce equivalent?
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How often should you flush a tube used for continuous feeding?
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What is the ounce equivalent for ½ cup of cooked rice?
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What type of medication should be administered if possible when dealing with a clogged tube?
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Which of the following is important to reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia during tube feeding?
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Which of the following portions counts as 1 ounce equivalent for bread?
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What is the minimum recommended duration for bolus feedings to help prevent complications?
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What is the ounce equivalent for 1 cup of cooked pasta?
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Which option represents an ounce equivalent for tortillas?
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What nutritional supplement is recommended for infants suffering from dehydration?
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Which of the following methods can improve nutrition intake in clients?
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How many mini pancakes (3" diameter) count as 1 ounce equivalent?
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What is to be avoided to ensure proper feeding during tube administration?
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What urine color may indicate the presence of red blood cells due to glomerulonephritis?
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Which symptom is most likely associated with proteinuria in glomerulonephritis?
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Which test is primarily used to confirm kidney damage and diagnose glomerulonephritis?
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What common indicator in blood tests suggests kidney impairment in glomerulonephritis?
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What typical sign of glomerulonephritis may result from fluid retention?
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Which imaging test may be recommended to visualize kidney abnormalities associated with glomerulonephritis?
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In glomerulonephritis, which symptom might occur as a result of anemia or kidney failure?
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What does a kidney biopsy help determine in patients with glomerulonephritis?
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What is the recommended age to start giving skim or low-fat milk to children?
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What happens to excess water-soluble vitamins in the body?
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Which of the following foods selected by a client indicates an understanding of a high-protein diet?
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Which of the following meals contains no milk products?
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What type of milk can be offered to infants under 2 years of age?
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Which water-soluble vitamins can potentially cause toxic levels if ingested excessively?
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When should a mother discuss the type and amount of food her infant is eating with a nurse?
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What should be considered about low-fat or skimmed milk for a 10-month-old infant?
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Study Notes
Ounce-Equivalent of Grains
- Bagels: Mini whole wheat bagel = 1 ounce equivalent; large bagel = 4 ounce equivalents.
- Biscuits: Small (2" diameter) biscuit = 1 ounce equivalent; large (3" diameter) = 2 ounce equivalents.
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Breads:
- Regular slice of whole wheat = 1 ounce equivalent; 2 slices = 2 ounce equivalents.
- Small slice French bread also counts as 1 ounce.
- 4 snack-size slices of rye = 1 ounce equivalent.
- Bulgur: 1/2 cup cooked bulgur equals 1 ounce equivalent.
- Cornbread: Small piece (2 ½" x 1 ¼" x 1¼") = 1 ounce equivalent; medium piece = 2 ounce equivalents.
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Crackers:
- 5 whole wheat crackers or 2 rye crispbreads = 1 ounce equivalent.
- 7 round or square crackers also counts as 1 ounce.
- English Muffins: ½ muffin = 1 ounce equivalent; full muffin = 2 ounce equivalents.
- Muffins: Small muffin (2 ½" diameter) = 1 ounce equivalent; large muffin = 3 ounce equivalents.
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Oatmeal:
- ½ cup cooked = 1 ounce equivalent.
- 1 packet instant also counts as 1 ounce.
- 1 ounce dry oatmeal = 1 ounce equivalent.
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Pancakes:
- 1 pancake (4 ½" diameter) = 1 ounce equivalent; 3 pancakes = 3 ounce equivalents.
- 2 small pancakes (3" diameter) also count as 1 ounce.
- Popcorn: 3 cups popped = 1 ounce equivalent; mini microwave bag = 2 ounce equivalents.
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Ready-to-Eat Cereal:
- 1 cup flakes or rounds = 1 ounce equivalent.
- 1 ¼ cup puffed = 1 ounce equivalent.
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Rice:
- ½ cup cooked brown or wild rice = 1 ounce equivalent.
- 1 cup cooked enriched white rice = 2 ounce equivalents.
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Pasta:
- ½ cup cooked whole wheat = 1 ounce equivalent; 1 cup cooked = 2 ounce equivalents.
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Tortillas:
- 1 small (6” diameter) flour or corn tortilla = 1 ounce equivalent; 1 large (12” diameter) tortilla = 4 ounce equivalents.
Therapeutic Diets
-
Diabetic Diet:
- Aims for essential nutrients and energy needs.
- Targets stable weight and blood glucose levels.
- Recommended caloric distribution: 50-60% carbs, 20-30% fat, 10-20% protein.
-
DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension):
- Lowers blood pressure and protects against several chronic diseases.
- Emphasizes nutrient-rich foods and potassium, calcium, magnesium intake.
- Sodium levels:
- Standard DASH diet = 2,300 mg sodium/day.
- Lower sodium version = 1,500 mg sodium/day.
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Cardiac Diet:
- Restricts fats (saturated, trans), cholesterol, and sodium.
- Important for managing heart conditions like hypertension.
Nutritional Management and Monitoring
- Guidelines for liquid nutrition: Flush feeding tubes before and after use.
- Administer feedings slowly; monitor for abdominal girth changes.
- Recommendations for hydration: Infalyte, Pedialyte® for infants; sports drinks for older children.
Glomerulonephritis
- Symptoms include pink or cola-colored urine, foamy urine, elevated blood pressure, fluid retention, and fatigue.
- Diagnosis involves urinalysis for red blood cells/proteins, blood tests for kidney waste levels, imaging tests, and possibly kidney biopsy.
Food Recommendations for Infants
- Skim or low-fat milk not recommended until after 2 years of age; whole milk, formula, or breast milk preferred until then.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Excess amounts lead to urinary excretion; these include vitamins B and C.
High-Protein Diet Understanding
- Correct high-protein food choices include chicken and rice soup, whole wheat crackers, and milk.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the understanding of ounce-equivalent measurements of grains towards daily recommended intake. It includes common portions that are counted as one ounce equivalent, helping individuals make informed dietary choices. Expand the chart for comprehensive details.
