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Questions and Answers
Which type of abnormality is primarily caused by environmental and/or genetic factors during organogenesis?
Which type of abnormality is primarily caused by environmental and/or genetic factors during organogenesis?
What causes deformations in fetal development?
What causes deformations in fetal development?
What is a common characteristic feature of fetal infection with Toxoplasmosis?
What is a common characteristic feature of fetal infection with Toxoplasmosis?
Which condition is an example of disruption in fetal development?
Which condition is an example of disruption in fetal development?
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Which of the following viruses has been linked to malformations following maternal infection?
Which of the following viruses has been linked to malformations following maternal infection?
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During which weeks of gestation do most malformations originate?
During which weeks of gestation do most malformations originate?
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What is noted about the malformation rate after maternal infection with various viruses including measles and mumps?
What is noted about the malformation rate after maternal infection with various viruses including measles and mumps?
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Which of the following statements about deformations is true?
Which of the following statements about deformations is true?
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Which of the following factors can carry the protozoan parasite Toxoplasmosis gondii?
Which of the following factors can carry the protozoan parasite Toxoplasmosis gondii?
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What condition can be caused by both Toxoplasmosis and Syphilis during pregnancy?
What condition can be caused by both Toxoplasmosis and Syphilis during pregnancy?
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Which infectious agent is currently significantly reduced in causing birth defects due to widespread immunity?
Which infectious agent is currently significantly reduced in causing birth defects due to widespread immunity?
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What is a potential serious outcome of a cytomegalovirus infection in a fetus?
What is a potential serious outcome of a cytomegalovirus infection in a fetus?
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Which of the following infectious agents is known to often cause no symptoms in the mother but can lead to severe fetal complications?
Which of the following infectious agents is known to often cause no symptoms in the mother but can lead to severe fetal complications?
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What percentage of birth defects are attributed to unknown causes?
What percentage of birth defects are attributed to unknown causes?
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How much do genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of birth defects?
How much do genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of birth defects?
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Which of these viruses is not mentioned as a cause of birth defects?
Which of these viruses is not mentioned as a cause of birth defects?
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What are the chances of having a major malformation for an infant with two minor anomalies?
What are the chances of having a major malformation for an infant with two minor anomalies?
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What percentage of women are currently estimated to be immune to rubella?
What percentage of women are currently estimated to be immune to rubella?
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Which of the following best describes the contribution of environmental factors to birth defects?
Which of the following best describes the contribution of environmental factors to birth defects?
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Minor anomalies can indicate the presence of major defects. What is the likelihood of major malformations in infants with three or more minor anomalies?
Minor anomalies can indicate the presence of major defects. What is the likelihood of major malformations in infants with three or more minor anomalies?
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What percentage of women pregnant during the atomic bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki gave birth to children who died in their first year of life?
What percentage of women pregnant during the atomic bomb explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki gave birth to children who died in their first year of life?
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How can exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy affect the conceptus?
How can exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy affect the conceptus?
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In addition to being teratogenic, what other effect does radiation have on genetic material?
In addition to being teratogenic, what other effect does radiation have on genetic material?
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of radiation exposure mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT an effect of radiation exposure mentioned?
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What percentage of women pregnant during the bomb explosions aborted their pregnancies?
What percentage of women pregnant during the bomb explosions aborted their pregnancies?
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What term is commonly used to describe the study of structural and functional disorders present at birth?
What term is commonly used to describe the study of structural and functional disorders present at birth?
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What percentage of liveborn infants are identified to have major structural anomalies at birth?
What percentage of liveborn infants are identified to have major structural anomalies at birth?
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What is one of the significant consequences associated with birth defects in infants?
What is one of the significant consequences associated with birth defects in infants?
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Which of the following is NOT a synonym for birth defect?
Which of the following is NOT a synonym for birth defect?
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Which age range shows an increased identification of birth defects beyond liveborn infants?
Which age range shows an increased identification of birth defects beyond liveborn infants?
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Which aspect influences susceptibility to teratogenesis?
Which aspect influences susceptibility to teratogenesis?
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During which period is the conceptus most susceptible to teratogens?
During which period is the conceptus most susceptible to teratogens?
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What factors determine the manifestations of abnormal development from teratogen exposure?
What factors determine the manifestations of abnormal development from teratogen exposure?
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What does the pathogenesis of teratogens involve?
What does the pathogenesis of teratogens involve?
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Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of abnormal development from teratogen exposure?
Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of abnormal development from teratogen exposure?
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What defines a syndrome in the context of abnormalities?
What defines a syndrome in the context of abnormalities?
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How does an association differ from a syndrome?
How does an association differ from a syndrome?
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What is an example of a recognized association?
What is an example of a recognized association?
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Recognition of components in an association can lead to what?
Recognition of components in an association can lead to what?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding a syndrome?
Which of the following statements is true regarding a syndrome?
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What is a significant challenge in assessing the impact of chemical agents on human abnormalities?
What is a significant challenge in assessing the impact of chemical agents on human abnormalities?
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Which drug was notably linked to an increase in the frequency of amelia and meromelia?
Which drug was notably linked to an increase in the frequency of amelia and meromelia?
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Why might the relationship between a teratogenic drug and a common defect go unnoticed?
Why might the relationship between a teratogenic drug and a common defect go unnoticed?
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What type of study is most commonly relied upon to assess the effects of pharmaceutical drugs taken during pregnancy?
What type of study is most commonly relied upon to assess the effects of pharmaceutical drugs taken during pregnancy?
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What can complicate the identification of teratogenic drugs among the various medications taken by pregnant women?
What can complicate the identification of teratogenic drugs among the various medications taken by pregnant women?
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Study Notes
Other Viral Infections and Hyperthermia
- Malformations following maternal infection with measles, mumps, hepatitis, poliomyelitis, echovirus, coxsackie virus, and influenza virus have been described.
- Prospective studies indicate that the malformation rate after exposure to these agents is low if not nonexistent.
- Toxoplasmosis and syphilis cause birth defects.
- Poorly cooked meat; domestic animals, especially cats; and feces in contaminated soil can carry the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
- A characteristic feature of fetal toxoplasmosis infection is calcifications.
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Description
Explore the impacts of various viral infections and conditions like hyperthermia on fetal development. This quiz covers maternal infections such as measles, mumps, and the implications of Toxoplasmosis. Learn about the associated risks and malformations linked to these infections.
