Other Personality Traits Models
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Questions and Answers

Which major model, in addition to the Five-Factor Model, has been proposed by Hans Eysenck?

  • Extraversion-Neuroticism Model (correct)
  • Introvert-Stable Model
  • Seven-Factor Model
  • Personality Variation Model
  • What did Hans Eysenck believe could account for many of the differences in personality?

  • Extraversion and Neuroticism (correct)
  • Neuroticism and Conscientiousness
  • Extraversion and Openness
  • Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
  • According to Eysenck, what type of introvert would be shy and nervous?

  • Social introvert
  • Stable introvert
  • Neurotic introvert (correct)
  • Calm introvert
  • How did Eysenck relate introverts' behavior to their underlying biology?

    <p>Through too much sensory stimulation and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Eysenck's model, what did he suggest about introverts wanting quiet settings?

    <p>They seek less stimulating environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jeffrey Gray propose regarding the relationship between broad traits and brain systems?

    <p>Broad traits are related to reward and avoidance systems in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Eysenck's model, what did he suggest about stable introverts' preference for social situations?

    <p>They prefer solitary activities but with a calm attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern with using personality ratings in high-stakes testing?

    <p>Raters may present themselves overly favorably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bias is reflected in personality ratings according to Vazire & Carlson (2011)?

    <p>Self-enhancement bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individuals base their self-perceptions according to Heine, Buchtel, & Norenzayan (2008)?

    <p>By comparing themselves to others in their reference group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might motivate individuals to downplay their less desirable characteristics?

    <p>Fear of judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations is the self-enhancement bias particularly concerning?

    <p>High-stakes testing scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the reference group have on self-perceptions?

    <p>It influences self-perceptions relative to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might individuals see themselves as relatively conscientious even if they are not particularly conscientious in an absolute sense?

    <p>Comparison to their reference group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'objective' refer to in objective tests?

    <p>The method used to score responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is the most familiar and widely used for assessing personality?

    <p>Objective tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In objective tests, how are responses typically scored?

    <p>According to a pre-existing key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of summing up responses to items assessing various traits in objective tests?

    <p>To create an overall personality score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Meyer and Kurtz (2006), what is 'objective' about administering objective tests?

    <p>The scoring method based on a key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of response options used in objective tests?

    <p>Open-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to classify or interpret a test-taker's responses in objective tests?

    <p>Pre-existing key</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theoretical model suggests that people are actively striving to achieve clear goals?

    <p>Humanistic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychodynamically oriented theories, what is proposed about people's insight into their feelings and motives?

    <p>They lack insight into their feelings and motives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason given in the text for not directly asking people about nonconscious factors according to psychodynamic theories?

    <p>People lack insight into nonconscious factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which theoretical model emphasizes the importance of directly asking individuals about themselves and their goals?

    <p>Humanistic models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological characteristic is NOT mentioned as part of what personality psychology studies in the text?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do humanistically oriented models argue about people's goals?

    <p>Goals are well-defined and actively pursued</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does it make sense to ask individuals directly about themselves and their goals in humanistically oriented models?

    <p>Because they have clear goals and are actively striving to achieve them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of using self-report measures in personality research?

    <p>Access to a wealth of information about oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are self-raters considered to have an advantage in personality assessment?

    <p>They can access their own thoughts and feelings directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of personality test is the most widely used in modern personality research?

    <p>Self-report measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Roberts et al. (2007) find self-rated personality to predict?

    <p>Occupational attainment, divorce, and mortality outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are self-report personality tests viewed as cost-effective?

    <p>They are simple, easy, and inexpensive to administer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of individuals are often incentivized with extra course credit for participating in studies involving self-report measures?

    <p>College students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is NOT mentioned as being predicted by self-ratings of conscientiousness?

    <p>Criminal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do self-raters have direct access to their own thoughts, feelings, and motives?

    <p>'Who knows more about you than yourself,' as stated in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

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