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Questions and Answers

In fermentation, energy is harvested from sugar without oxygen

  • True (correct)
  • False

    • An RNA strand is so similar to a DNA strand that the two can base-pair even if their nucleotide sequences are NOT complementary

    True

    Both plants and animals depend on cellular respiration 24 hours a day, every second, in every cell.

    True

    61 sense codons encode the 20 amino acids. The genetic code involves degeneracy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?

    <p>A sugar, a phosphate and a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fermentation produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base that is not found in DNA, but only in RNA is ________.

    <p>uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cells, ATP is a common energy currency molecule. Breaking a bond in ATP releases energy that can be used to drive other processes

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nucleotides are required to code for 15 amino acids

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the creation of mRNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?

    <p>There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of photosynthesis, if any, can function in the dark?

    <p>Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two ____________ of a pair have the same length, shape, and centromere location. They hold information about the same trait

    <p>autosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After replication, each chromosome consists of two DNA molecules (sister chromatids) that attach at a ___________region

    <p>centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

    <p>To produce ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes?

    <p>DNA cannot leave the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the main component of ribosomes, which assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does cellular respiration in eukaryotes occur?

    <p>In the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. This means that after replication, ________.

    <p>each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is translation initiated?

    <p>Two ribosomal subunits bind to the mRNA transcript</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you know that a DNA double helix consists of 30 % adenine, what percentage of the DNA double helix is guanine (G)?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

    <p>Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA polymerase can attach a nucleotide only to a 3′ end

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main by-products of cellular respiration?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?

    <p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?

    <p>It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic code is ________.

    <p>what allows codons to be translated into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene?

    <p>A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Essential properties of hereditary material include

    <p>All options are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    tRNA molecules also have an anticodon that base-pairs with the codon

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon fixation means carbon from an inorganic source gets incorporated into an organic molecule

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding DNA and RNA?

    <p>All of the statements are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Calorie is the amount of chemical energy stored in food.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

    <p>It excites electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A codon is ________.

    <p>three nucleotides of RNA that code for an amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the base sequence of template DNA strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA?

    <p>CGGUAAUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the base pairing rules of DNA, if the sequence of bases on one strand was TCCGAAT , what would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand of DNA?

    <p>AGGCTTA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If DNA directs the production of RNA, what does RNA make?

    <p>RNA makes proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a modification to the mRNA before leaving the nucleus?

    <p>Promoter binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "transfer RNA" actually transfer?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We can generate ATP from many different food inputs

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reactions of fermentation function to produce _______ molecules for further use in glycolysis.

    <p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________________ is a length of DNA wound twice around a spool of histone proteins

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule(s) link the light reactions (stage 1 of photosynthesis) to the Calvin cycle (stage 2 of photosynthesis)?

    <p>The electron shuttles (ATP and NADPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration happens in only consumers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of events during translation?

    <p>Initiation, elongation, termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exons are regions of DNA that code for proteins

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chemical inputs for cellular respiration and photosynthesis are reciprocal

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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