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Questions and Answers

Which theory explains how sound frequency is encoded by sensory neuron activity?

Temporal theory of pitch perception (correct)

Top-down processing

Subliminal message theory

Trichromatic theory

What is the function of taste buds?

They enable sound frequency perception.

They are responsible for the perception of temperature.

They are involved in the threshold of subliminal messages.

They are grouped receptor cells that detect taste. (correct)

What does the term 'timbre' refer to in sound perception?

The frequency of a sound

The loudness of a sound

The quality of a sound influenced by frequency and amplitude (correct)

The speed of sound waves

Which term refers to the perception of temperature?

Thermoception Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest point of a wave called?

Trough Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'absolute threshold' refer to?

The minimum amount of stimulus energy required for detection 50% of the time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'binocular disparity'?

The different images received by each eye due to their separation Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cochlea play in the auditory system?

It contains the hair cells that serve as sensory receptors for sound Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the inability to experience pain from birth?

Congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'amplitude' refer to in the context of sound waves?

The height of the wave Signup and view all the answers

What is 'closure' in the context of Gestalt psychology?

The process of organizing sensory input into coherent patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the eye is responsible for clear vision in bright light and detecting color?

Fovea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'binaural cue'?

A two-eared cue that helps in sound localization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs are considered opponent pairs in the opponent-process theory of color perception?

Red-Green Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the optic chiasm in the visual system?

It merges optic nerves and separates information from the visual field. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the middle ear consists of the malleus, incus, and stapes?

Ossicles Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is responsible for detecting transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations?

Pacinian corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of closure in perception?

Organizing perceptions into complete objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proprioception?

Perception of body position Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the inability to perceive stimuli that remain constant over time?

Sensory adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What does signal detection theory primarily address?

The determination of the presence of a faint signal amidst noise Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of interaural level difference in sound localization?

It identifies the location of a sound based on intensity differences at each ear. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the auditory system is also known as the anvil?

Incus Signup and view all the answers

What does the just noticeable difference (JND) signify in sensory perception?

The minimum change in stimulus required to detect a difference. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cue that requires only one eye for depth perception?

Monocular cue Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain arises from damage to the peripheral or central nervous system?

Neuropathic pain Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the eye helps to focus light onto the retina?

Lens Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the failure to notice an obvious stimulus due to lack of attention?

Inattentional blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Meissner’s corpuscle?

To sense light touch and lower frequency vibrations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Words

Absolute Threshold: Minimum stimulus energy needed for detection 50% of the time.
Afterimage: Visual sensation that continues after stimulus removal.
Amplitude: Height of a wave.
Basilar Membrane: Thin tissue in the cochlea containing hair cells (auditory receptors).
Binaural Cue: Two-eared cue for sound localization.
Binocular Cue: Information from both eyes for depth perception.
Binocular Disparity: Slightly different views each eye receives.
Blind Spot: Visual field portion that cannot receive information due to no photoreceptors.
Bottom-up Processing: Building perceptions starting from sensory input.
Closure: Organizing perceptions into complete objects.
Cochlea: Snail-shaped structure containing auditory receptor cells.
Cochlear Implant: Electronic device stimulating the auditory nerve.
Conductive Hearing Loss: Vibration failure of eardrum or ossicles.
Cone: Specialized photoreceptor responding to bright light and color.
Congenital Deafness: Hearing loss from birth.
Congenital Analgesia: Genetic disorder causing inability to experience pain.
Cornea: Transparent covering over the eye.
Deafness: Partial or complete hearing loss.
Decibel (dB): Logarithmic unit of sound intensity.
Depth Perception: Ability to perceive depth.
Electromagnetic Spectrum: All electromagnetic radiation.
Figure-Ground Relationship: Segmenting the visual field into figure and background.
Fovea: Small depression with concentrated cones in the retina.
Frequency: Number of waves passing a point per given time.
Gestalt Psychology: Perception of the whole being different from its parts.
Good Continuation: Perceiving continuous, smooth lines rather than broken ones.
Hair Cell: Auditory receptor cells in the inner ear.
Hertz (Hz): Unit for measuring frequency (cycles per second).
Inattentional Blindness: Failure to notice something clearly visible.
Incus: Middle ear ossicle (anvil).
Inflammatory Pain: Signal from tissue damage.
Interaural Level Differences: Differences in sound intensity between ears.
Interaural Timing Differences: Differences in sound arrival time between ears.
Iris: Colored portion of the eye.
Just Noticeable Difference: Minimum difference detectable between stimuli.
Kinesthesia: Perception of body movement.
Lens: Curved structure in the eye that focuses light.
Linear Perspective: Depth perception using parallel lines converging in an image.
Malleus: Middle ear ossicle (hammer).
Meissner's Corpuscle: Touch receptor responding to pressure.
Ménière's Disease: Inner ear disorder with hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo.
Merkel's Disk: Touch receptor responding to light touch.
Monocular Cue: Depth cues using one eye.
Monocular Cue: Depth cues using only one eye.
Neuropathic Pain: Pain from damage to neurons.
Nociception: Detection of potentially harmful stimuli (pain).
Olfactory Bulb: Brain structure where olfactory nerves start.
Olfactory Receptors: Sensory cells for smell.
Opponent-Process Theory: Color perception based on opposing pairs (red-green, etc.).
Optic Chiasm: Structure where fibres from the optic nerves crossover.
Optic Nerve: Carries visual information between eye and brain.
Ossicles: Three tiny bones in middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes.
Pacinian Corpuscle: Touch receptor responding to pressure and vibration.
Pattern Perception: Recognizing different figures and shapes.
Peak/Crest: Highest point of a wave.
Perception: How sensory information is interpreted.
Perceptual Hypothesis: Educated guess to interpret sensory information.
Pheromone: Chemical signal between individuals.
Photoreceptor: Light-detecting cell in the eye.
Pinna: Outer ear structure.
Pitch: Perception of sound frequency.
Place Theory: Pitch perception related to basilar membrane stimulation location.
Principle of Closure: Filling in gaps to perceive complete objects.
Principle of Proximity: Grouping things that are close together.
Proprioception: Perception of body position in space.
Pupil: Opening in the eye regulating light intake.
Retina: Light-sensitive lining of the eye.
Rod: Specialized photoreceptor for low light conditions.
Ruffini Corpuscle: Touch receptor detecting skin stretch.
Sensation: Initial detection of sensory information.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.
Sensory Adaptation: Reduced responsiveness to consistent stimuli.
Signal Detection Theory: Influence of current mental state on stimulus perception.
Similarity: Grouping similar items together.
Stapes: Middle ear ossicle (stirrup).
Subliminal Message: Message below conscious awareness threshold.
Taste Bud: Grouping of taste receptor cells.
Temporal Theory: Pitch perception related to frequency of sensory neuron firing.
Thermoception: Perception of temperature.
Timbre: Quality of a sound.
Top-Down Processing: Perception influenced by previous knowledge.
Transduction: Sensory stimulus energy conversion to neural impulses (action potential).
Trichromatic Theory: Color perception from three cone types.
Trough: Lowest point of a wave.
Tympanic Membrane: Eardrum.
Umi: Taste for monosodium glutamate.
Vestibular Sense: Sense for balance and body posture.
Visible Spectrum: Portion of electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can detect.
Wavelength: Distance between two peaks of waves.

Supplementary Note

These are key words and concepts listed in the provided text. A more comprehensive study guide would need more detail and explanations.

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