Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the maximum safe daily dose of Acetaminophen?
What is the maximum safe daily dose of Acetaminophen?
Which type of therapy should be used sparingly due to its habit-forming potential?
Which type of therapy should be used sparingly due to its habit-forming potential?
What type of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis?
What type of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the characteristic distribution of involved joints in Rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the characteristic distribution of involved joints in Rheumatoid arthritis?
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Which type of exercise promotes joint mobility and reduces stiffness in Rheumatoid arthritis patients?
Which type of exercise promotes joint mobility and reduces stiffness in Rheumatoid arthritis patients?
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What is the insidious onset characteristic of Rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the insidious onset characteristic of Rheumatoid arthritis?
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Why should patients with Rheumatoid arthritis undergo education as part of their management?
Why should patients with Rheumatoid arthritis undergo education as part of their management?
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'Range-of-motion exercises promote joint mobility, reduce stiffness, and improve muscle strength' is associated with which type of management?
'Range-of-motion exercises promote joint mobility, reduce stiffness, and improve muscle strength' is associated with which type of management?
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Which condition is characterized by short-term, acute loss of some cognitive abilities that is temporary and reversible?
Which condition is characterized by short-term, acute loss of some cognitive abilities that is temporary and reversible?
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What is a primary intervention for managing Alzheimer's patients to ensure their safety?
What is a primary intervention for managing Alzheimer's patients to ensure their safety?
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What is the primary symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
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Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease?
Which factor is NOT listed as a risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease?
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What is the primary treatment goal for Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary treatment goal for Parkinson's disease?
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What is a side effect associated with the use of levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?
What is a side effect associated with the use of levodopa in treating Parkinson's disease?
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What characterizes a seizure?
What characterizes a seizure?
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Which medication may be used in younger patients with Parkinson's to reduce tremors and drooling?
Which medication may be used in younger patients with Parkinson's to reduce tremors and drooling?
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'Parkinsonism' can manifest primarily with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
'Parkinsonism' can manifest primarily with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
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What is the most common bone disease in humans?
What is the most common bone disease in humans?
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Why is osteoporosis considered a 'silent disease'?
Why is osteoporosis considered a 'silent disease'?
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What is the gold standard assessment for osteoporosis?
What is the gold standard assessment for osteoporosis?
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Why are annual height measurements recommended for osteoporosis patients?
Why are annual height measurements recommended for osteoporosis patients?
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Which imaging technique is used to measure vol/u/metric bone density of the spine and hip?
Which imaging technique is used to measure vol/u/metric bone density of the spine and hip?
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What should you do if you encounter a patient experiencing a seizure?
What should you do if you encounter a patient experiencing a seizure?
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How should you position a seizure patient?
How should you position a seizure patient?
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Which form of arthritis is the most common in the United States?
Which form of arthritis is the most common in the United States?
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What is the leading cause of chronic disability in the United States?
What is the leading cause of chronic disability in the United States?
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What is the first line of prevention for osteoporosis?
What is the first line of prevention for osteoporosis?
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Which medication helps inhibit bone reabsorption in osteoporosis?
Which medication helps inhibit bone reabsorption in osteoporosis?
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What factor contributes to secondary osteoporosis?
What factor contributes to secondary osteoporosis?
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Why should patients take bisphosphonates in the morning on an empty stomach?
Why should patients take bisphosphonates in the morning on an empty stomach?
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Which joints are typically affected by osteoarthritis?
Which joints are typically affected by osteoarthritis?
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What is a common risk factor for osteoporosis?
What is a common risk factor for osteoporosis?
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What are the most important supplements for bone health for patients of advancing age?
What are the most important supplements for bone health for patients of advancing age?
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Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?
Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?
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The nurse recognizes which patient to be at greatest risk for developing osteoarthritis?
The nurse recognizes which patient to be at greatest risk for developing osteoarthritis?
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The nurse monitors for which clinical manifestations in the patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis? (Select all that apply.)
A. Pain that improves with activity
B. Joint pain
C. Joint swelling
D. Unsteady gait
E. Increased temperature
The nurse monitors for which clinical manifestations in the patient diagnosed with osteoarthritis? (Select all that apply.) A. Pain that improves with activity B. Joint pain C. Joint swelling D. Unsteady gait E. Increased temperature
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When comparing osteoarthritis to RA, the nurse recognizes which of the following statements to be true? (Select all that apply.)
A. Osteoarthritic pain tends to get worse with activity, but RA gets better with activity.
B. Both RA and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases.
C. Patients with RA are at risk for developing extra- articular manifestations such as eye inflammation and lung disease, whereas osteoarthritis affects only joints and surrounding structures.
D. Patients with osteoarthritis typically have morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, whereas RA patients typically complain of morning stiffness lasting greater than 30 minutes.
E. Both RA and osteoarthritis affect joints in a symmetrical pattern.
When comparing osteoarthritis to RA, the nurse recognizes which of the following statements to be true? (Select all that apply.) A. Osteoarthritic pain tends to get worse with activity, but RA gets better with activity. B. Both RA and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases. C. Patients with RA are at risk for developing extra- articular manifestations such as eye inflammation and lung disease, whereas osteoarthritis affects only joints and surrounding structures. D. Patients with osteoarthritis typically have morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, whereas RA patients typically complain of morning stiffness lasting greater than 30 minutes. E. Both RA and osteoarthritis affect joints in a symmetrical pattern.
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The nurse knows that which of following statements regarding laboratory values and RA are true? (Select all that apply.)
A. Patients with a positive rheumatoid factor definitely have RA.
B. An elevated CRP is indicative of inflammation but is not specific only for RA.
C. Certain DMARD therapy may cause laboratory abnormalities such as elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytopenia.
D. Approximately 25% to 30% of patients who have RA do not have a positive rheumatoid factor.
E. Patients with RA have elevated cardiac enzymes due to pharmacological therapy.
The nurse knows that which of following statements regarding laboratory values and RA are true? (Select all that apply.) A. Patients with a positive rheumatoid factor definitely have RA. B. An elevated CRP is indicative of inflammation but is not specific only for RA. C. Certain DMARD therapy may cause laboratory abnormalities such as elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytopenia. D. Approximately 25% to 30% of patients who have RA do not have a positive rheumatoid factor. E. Patients with RA have elevated cardiac enzymes due to pharmacological therapy.
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The nurse monitors for which clinical manifestations of the older adult patient diagnosed with delirium?
The nurse monitors for which clinical manifestations of the older adult patient diagnosed with delirium?
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When assessing the patient with cognitive impairment, the nurse should be aware that which condition is the most common cause of dementia?
When assessing the patient with cognitive impairment, the nurse should be aware that which condition is the most common cause of dementia?
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The nurse recognizeWhich clinical manifestations are included in a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease? (Select all that apply.)
A. Flaccidity
B. Total resistance to movement
C. Bradykinesia
D. Tremors
E. Photophobia
The nurse recognizeWhich clinical manifestations are included in a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease? (Select all that apply.)
A. Flaccidity B. Total resistance to movement C. Bradykinesia D. Tremors E. Photophobia
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What interprofessional team members are involved in the management of the patient with Parkinson’s disease? (Select all that apply.)
A. Oncologist
B. Speech therapist
C. Occupational therapist
D. Interventional radiologist
E. Physical therapist
What interprofessional team members are involved in the management of the patient with Parkinson’s disease? (Select all that apply.)
A. Oncologist B. Speech therapist C. Occupational therapist D. Interventional radiologist E. Physical therapist
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The nurse recognizes which as the probable cause of Alzheimer’s disease?
The nurse recognizes which as the probable cause of Alzheimer’s disease?
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The nurse recognizes that supplementation with which vitamin has been found to help with symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
The nurse recognizes that supplementation with which vitamin has been found to help with symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?
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What is used to diagnose a seizure disorder? (Select all that apply.)
A. Electroencephalogram
B. Lumbar puncture
C. Metabolic panel
D. Coagulation studies E. Electromyogram
What is used to diagnose a seizure disorder? (Select all that apply.)
A. Electroencephalogram B. Lumbar puncture C. Metabolic panel D. Coagulation studies E. Electromyogram
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Which treatment option for Parkinson's disease is known to potentially cause dyskinesia as a side effect?
Which treatment option for Parkinson's disease is known to potentially cause dyskinesia as a side effect?
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Which of the following risk factors is NOT commonly associated with Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following risk factors is NOT commonly associated with Parkinson's disease?
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Which medication used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease acts as a COMT inhibitor?
Which medication used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease acts as a COMT inhibitor?
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Which of the following is NOT a common intervention for managing Alzheimer's patients?
Which of the following is NOT a common intervention for managing Alzheimer's patients?
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Which treatment option for Parkinson's disease is known to act by increasing dopamine levels in the brain?
Which treatment option for Parkinson's disease is known to act by increasing dopamine levels in the brain?
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Study Notes
CNS Impairment
Delirium
- Short-term, acute loss of some cognitive abilities
- Lasts for hours or days
- Temporary and reversible
- Causes: drugs, withdrawals, stressful situations, dehydration, infections, electrolyte imbalances
- Supportive care: keep calm and oriented, reduce stress
Dementia
- Progressive cognitive decline affecting social and occupational functioning
- Alzheimer's is a type of dementia
- Gradual changes over years, permanent, and most common in the elderly
- Intervention: keep patients safe, observe their activity, may need a sitter, and monitor their behavior
Parkinson's
- Progressive, neurodegenerative disease of the CNS
- Manifests primarily in motor dysfunction
- Signs and symptoms: Parkinsonism, shakiness, tremors, stiffness, slowed movements, and balance problems
- Risk factors: pesticides, age, history of concussions, gender (men more likely to get it than women), heavy metals, and industrial areas
- Treatment: managing symptoms, improving quality of life, medications (anticholinergic, levodopa), and surgery
Seizure
- Uncontrolled, sudden, excessive discharge of electrical activity
- Clinical presentation: rhythmic jerking of extremities, loss of consciousness (generalized to tonic-clonic seizures), or apparent daydreaming (absence seizures)
- Keep patients safe: do not place anything in their mouth, remove dangerous objects, do not hold them down, turn them on their side, and initiate seizure precautions
Musculoskeletal & Connective Tissue Impairment
Osteoporosis
- Chronic condition resulting in deterioration of bone tissue and density
- Silent disease, diagnosed only after a fracture occurs
- Diagnostic tools: annual height measurements, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, and quantitative computed tomography (QCT)
- Risk factors: older age, less estrogen in women, family history, white or Asian, female, poor diet, steroids, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption
- Medical management: calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates (e.g., Fosamax, Boniva), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Osteoarthritis
- Most common form of arthritis in the United States
- Affects weight-bearing joints (e.g., knees, hips, feet, lumbar spine) and hands
- Gradual onset, chronic disability
- Medical management: non-pharmacological therapies (weight loss, heat and cold compress applications, aerobic exercise, physical therapy), pharmacological therapy (acetaminophen, NSAIDs, steroid injections, opioid analgesics)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Chronic, systemic, autoimmune inflammatory disease
- Affects freely moving joints, causing pain and swelling
- Insidious onset, symmetrical joint involvement
- Medical management: non-pharmacological (education, range-of-motion exercises, aerobic exercise, physical and occupational therapies), pharmacological (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids)
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Description
Learn about the risk factors, medications, and medical management strategies for primary and secondary osteoporosis. Explore the use of calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, and other medications to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
