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Questions and Answers
At what age is peak adult bone mass achieved in both women and men?
At what age is peak adult bone mass achieved in both women and men?
What contributes to the development of osteopenia without associated bone loss?
What contributes to the development of osteopenia without associated bone loss?
Who typically develops larger, heavier bones, leading to a later manifestation of osteoporosis?
Who typically develops larger, heavier bones, leading to a later manifestation of osteoporosis?
When does primary osteoporosis occur in women?
When does primary osteoporosis occur in women?
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What is the result of medications or diseases that affect bone metabolism?
What is the result of medications or diseases that affect bone metabolism?
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What interventions decrease the risk of fractures and associated disability later in life?
What interventions decrease the risk of fractures and associated disability later in life?
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What age does menopause usually occur in women?
What age does menopause usually occur in women?
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What is the consequence of failure to develop optimal peak bone mass and low vitamin D levels?
What is the consequence of failure to develop optimal peak bone mass and low vitamin D levels?
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What is affected by genetic factors, nutrition, physical activity, medications, endocrine status, and general health?
What is affected by genetic factors, nutrition, physical activity, medications, endocrine status, and general health?
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What decreases the risk of fractures and associated disability later in life?
What decreases the risk of fractures and associated disability later in life?
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What is the prevalence of osteoporosis in women over 80?
What is the prevalence of osteoporosis in women over 80?
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What is the recommended daily calcium intake for older adults?
What is the recommended daily calcium intake for older adults?
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What is a common consequence of osteoporosis?
What is a common consequence of osteoporosis?
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What is the impact of aging on calcitonin and estrogen levels?
What is the impact of aging on calcitonin and estrogen levels?
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Who is more likely to have secondary causes of osteoporosis?
Who is more likely to have secondary causes of osteoporosis?
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What is the expected change in the number of hip fractures and associated costs by 2040?
What is the expected change in the number of hip fractures and associated costs by 2040?
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What is the risk of bone fracture for long-term care facility residents?
What is the risk of bone fracture for long-term care facility residents?
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What is the impact of hip fractures on men compared to women?
What is the impact of hip fractures on men compared to women?
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What is the characteristic of fragility fractures?
What is the characteristic of fragility fractures?
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Are routine vertebral fracture screenings recommended for older adults?
Are routine vertebral fracture screenings recommended for older adults?
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What contributes to osteoporosis development?
What contributes to osteoporosis development?
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How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
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Who is at highest risk for osteoporosis?
Who is at highest risk for osteoporosis?
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What increases osteoporosis risk for women with breast cancer?
What increases osteoporosis risk for women with breast cancer?
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How is bone formation enhanced?
How is bone formation enhanced?
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What is recommended for assessing response to osteoporosis therapy?
What is recommended for assessing response to osteoporosis therapy?
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How is female fracture risk estimated?
How is female fracture risk estimated?
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When is treatment for osteoporosis recommended?
When is treatment for osteoporosis recommended?
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What causes accelerated bone resorption in women at menopause?
What causes accelerated bone resorption in women at menopause?
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How is osteoporosis excluded?
How is osteoporosis excluded?
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Study Notes
Osteoporosis and Risk Factors Summary
- Withdrawal of estrogens at menopause or oophorectomy causes accelerated bone resorption, with most women losing 10% of bone mass within the first 5 years.
- Small-framed, Asian, and Caucasian women are at highest risk for osteoporosis, while African American women are also at risk due to prevalence of sickle cell and autoimmune diseases.
- Aromatase inhibitors increase osteoporosis risk for women with breast cancer.
- Men have a greater peak bone mass and experience osteoporosis about one decade later than women, with one in four men sustaining an osteopenic fracture.
- Nutrition, bariatric surgery, GI diseases, autoimmune diseases, and immobility contribute to osteoporosis development.
- Bone formation is enhanced by weight and muscle activity, while immobility contributes to osteoporosis development.
- Osteoporosis may be undetectable on routine x-rays until significant demineralization occurs.
- Osteoporosis is diagnosed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with baseline testing recommended for older women and those with risk factors.
- BMD studies are useful in assessing response to therapy and recommended post any osteoporotic fracture.
- Female fracture risk can be estimated using the WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), while the Male Osteoporosis Risk Estimation Score (MORES) is more specific for men.
- Treatment is reserved for those with a 10-year risk of more than 3% for hip fracture or 20% risk for other major fractures, based on BMD, personal and family history, and secondary factors.
- Laboratory studies and x-ray studies are used to exclude other possible disorders contributing to bone loss.
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Description
Test your knowledge of osteoporosis risk factors, diagnosis, and management with this informative quiz. Learn about the impact of menopause, ethnicity, gender, and medical conditions on bone health, and understand the diagnostic tools and treatment guidelines for osteoporosis.
