Osteomyelitis and Surgical Techniques

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle is moved from an adjacent area with the blood supply intact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common inflammatory arthritis affecting a significant portion of men (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saucerization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus epidermidis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest tightness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tibial fractures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin color and temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-3 days after onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired arterial perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote healing and prevent fracture dislocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positioning the patient in a midline position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral pulses and capillary refill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VTE formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve patient mobility within bed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transparent film or hydrocolloid dressings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every hour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calf-pumping exercises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restore joint motion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon fiber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizing pneumatic tourniquets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ankle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosthesis loosening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophylactic anticoagulants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early physical therapy within 24 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleased (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cool, pale skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Report the pain immediately to the provider (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bear weight on the cast until fully healed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compartment syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe burning pain over bony prominences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warm skin and potential ulcers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive production or impaired kidney excretion of uric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colchicine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages phagocytizing urate crystals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent attacks and formation of tophi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allopurinol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exacerbates the inflammatory response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute gouty arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgical procedure to remove infected and dead bone tissue, promote healing.

Removal of involucrum to remove the sequestrum (dead bone fragment).

Reshaping a deep bone cavity into a shallow saucer-like shape to allow for healing.

Bone infection caused by blood-borne bacteria.

Bone infection due to spread from nearby infected tissue/injury.

Bone infection often linked to poor blood flow, common in diabetes.

Staphylococcus aureus (and MRSA).

Inflammatory arthritis affecting predominantly men, 3.9% of US population.

High uric acid (urate) levels, either from too much production or poor kidney removal, lead to crystal formation.

Immune cells called macrophages react to uric acid crystals, causing inflammation and pain.

Gout can start without symptoms then progress to acute attacks (severe joint pain), periods without symptoms (intercritical), and finally, chronic with crystal deposits (tophi).

Injuries, alcohol, fasting, and certain medications can cause flare-ups.

Medications like colchicine, NSAIDs, or corticosteroids can reduce acute pain.

Drugs like allopurinol and febuxostat lower uric acid production, while others increase its removal to manage chronic gout.

Limit purine-rich foods, alcohol, and weight, to reduce gout frequency.

Educate patients on gout management, dietary changes, medication adherence, and pain triggers.

Procedures replacing joint components, often for arthritis, trauma, or deformities. Includes total, partial, and resurfacing replacements.

Replacing all parts of a joint, typically hip, knee, or a finger.

Typically metal (stainless steel, titanium), and high-density polyethylene plastic.

Typically resulting from falls, especially among older adults.

Common and significant cause of hospitalization for older adults, significantly for women over 65.

Techniques for attaching the replacement implant to the surrounding bone, including cemented, cementless, and hybrid.

To reduce pain, improve movement, and improve overall quality of life for patients.

Measures to reduce the risk of blood clots, including assessing risk factors and using preventative anticoagulants(e.g., low-molecular-weight heparin).

Hypoxemia (low blood oxygen), neurological compromise (altered mental status, seizures), and a petechial rash (small, pinpoint hemorrhages).

Hypoxia (low blood oxygen), tachypnea (rapid breathing), dyspnea (shortness of breath), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), substernal chest pain, low-grade fever, crackles (rales) in the lungs, and potentially respiratory failure.

The rash develops 2-3 days after the onset of symptoms. It is located on the chest and mucous membranes due to microcirculation issues and/or thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

Restlessness, agitation, seizures, focal neurological deficits (weakness in a specific part of the body), and encephalopathy (brain dysfunction).

Prevention and supportive care. There is no specific treatment for FES.

Fluid resuscitation (replacing fluids lost), oxygenation (providing supplemental oxygen), vasopressors (medications to increase blood pressure), mechanical ventilation (helping the lungs breathe), and sometimes corticosteroids.

A time-sensitive surgical emergency where pressure within a body compartment rises, exceeding the normal perfusion pressure.

Pain (severe and out of proportion), Pallor (pale skin), Pulselessness (lack of pulse), Paresthesia (numbness), and Paralysis (muscle weakness or inability to move).

Weights used in traction therapy to gently pull on a limb, promoting healing and preventing dislocation.

Regularly checking the ropes, weights, knots, and alignment of traction equipment to ensure proper function and safety.

Traction can potentially lead to footdrop, where the foot can't be lifted, due to nerve or muscle damage.

Addressing pain in traction therapy through repositioning, pain medications, or muscle relaxants.

A device used by patients in traction to help with movement and mobility within or out of bed.

Measures taken to prevent skin injuries, such as pressure ulcers, from prolonged immobility due to traction.

Regularly monitoring circulation, sensation, and movement in the affected limb to detect any complications from traction.

Taking steps to avoid blood clots (VTE) in patients who are immobile, such as through exercises, compression stockings, or medications.

A method to assess circulation and nerve function in an injured limb. It includes checking for pain, pallor (skin color), pulselessness (pulse strength), paresthesia (numbness or tingling), and paralysis (movement).

Symptoms related to reduced blood return from the affected limb. This often results in swelling, discoloration (brownish staining), warm skin, and potentially ulcers in the region.

Symptoms related to reduced blood supply to the affected limb. This may lead to cool, pale skin, decreased pulse, pain with activity, and ulcers at pressure points.

Recommended practices for caring for a cast or splint. These include elevating the limb to reduce swelling, keeping the cast dry and clean, and using a cool hair dryer for relief from itching.

Practices to avoid when caring for a cast or splint. These include inserting objects into the cast to scratch, bearing weight on the limb until cleared by a healthcare provider.

Unrelieved pain inside the cast could indicate serious issues like compartment syndrome, pressure ulcers, or neuromuscular damage. Urgent medical attention is required.

Swelling in a cast is normal initially. To manage it, elevate the limb for the first two days. If the cast becomes tight, report it to the healthcare provider.

A hip/spica cast covers a larger body area, and potential complications involve skin breakdown, constipation, urinary tract problems, and respiratory issues.