Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes) Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the skeleton of bony fish made of?

It is made up entirely of bone.

What is operculum?

Flap covering gill openings.

Name features of bony fish.

Operculum, terminal mouth, dermal scales, homocercal tail, paired nostrils, swim bladder.

What subclasses was Class Osteichthyes traditionally divided into?

Subclass Actinopterygii (ray finned fishes) and Subclass Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fishes). Signup and view all the answers

What are Sarcopterygii?

Bony fish having lobe fins supported by a central appendage made of bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are Actinopterygii?

Larger of two subclasses with fins formed by dermal fin rays. Signup and view all the answers

Name three distinct classes of bony fishes.

Dipnoi (lungsfishes), Actinistia (coelacanths), Actinopterygii (ray finned fishes). Signup and view all the answers

What is the body type of yellow perch?

It has a compressed body that is flattened from side to side and tapered in both directions. Signup and view all the answers

What is stripe coloration?

It allows the perch to hide amongst weeds within the water. Signup and view all the answers

What sections is the body of bony fish divided into?

Head, trunk, tail. Signup and view all the answers

What do large lidless eyes in bony fish detect?

They are used for detecting prey throughout the water column. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris in fish?

Responsible for controlling the amount of light entering the eye. Signup and view all the answers

How do external nostrils of fish function?

Water enters the sac through the anterior aperture and leaves via the posterior aperture. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the anatomy of yellow perch ears.

No external ear; internal ear containing semicircular canals. Signup and view all the answers

What are semicircular canals?

Balancing organs that enable the fish to maintain the proper position in the water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the air bladder in fish?

Acts as a sounding board to transmit sound to the ear. Signup and view all the answers

How many gill slits does the yellow perch have?

4 gill slits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the position of the mouth indicate?

It indicates the region of the water column that the fish feeds in. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 mouth types in fish?

Superior (surface feeder), terminal (mid-water feeders), inferior (bottom feeders). Signup and view all the answers

Where are the taste organs of fish located?

In the skin of their snouts, lips, mouths, and throats. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lateral line system?

A series of small water-filled pores connecting with a long internal canal bearing sensory organs. Signup and view all the answers

How many unpaired median fins are there?

Two dorsal, one anal, one caudal. Signup and view all the answers

How many paired fins are there?

Two sets of paired pectoral and pelvic fins. Signup and view all the answers

What are fin rays?

All fins are membranous extensions of the skin supported by numerous bony fin rays. Signup and view all the answers

What are scales?

Outgrowths of the epidermis that overlap each other like the shingles of a roof. Signup and view all the answers

Name three types of scales.

Cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid. Signup and view all the answers

What are cycloid scales?

Scales are thin structures with smooth edges found on ray-finned fishes. Signup and view all the answers

What are ctenoid scales?

Scales that are thin with a serrated edge found on spiny-finned fishes. Signup and view all the answers

What are ganoid scales?

Scales that are the most primitive and thickest, made of three layers. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to scales as fish grow?

Scales increase in size but not in number; lost scales may be replaced. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeleton Composition

Bony fish skeletons are entirely made of bone.

Operculum

Flap covering the gill openings, important for respiration.

Features of Bony Fish

Distinct features include operculum, terminal mouth, dermal scales, homocercal tail, paired nostrils, and swim bladder.

Subclasses of Class Osteichthyes

Traditionally divided into two subclasses: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) and Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes).

Sarcopterygii

Characterized by lobe fins supported by a central appendage of bone and muscles, which evolved into legs of the first tetrapod land vertebrates.

Actinopterygii

Larger of the two subclasses, with fins formed by dermal fin rays and webs of skin; includes species like bass, goldfish, guppies, sea horses, sturgeons, and tuna.

Distinct Classes of Bony Fishes

Three notable classes: Dipnoi (lungfish), Actinistia (coelacanths), and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes).

Yellow Perch Body Type

Features a compressed body flat from side to side, with a fusiform shape.

Stripe Coloration

Stripe pattern aids camouflage, helping perch blend among aquatic vegetation.

Body Sections

Body divided into three sections: head, trunk, and tail.

Large Lidless Eyes

Designed for detecting prey throughout the water, while small eyes are present in bottom-feeding fish.

Iris Function

Controls the light entering the eye, remaining stationary due to minimal environmental variation.

External Nostrils

Water enters through anterior nostrils, exiting via posterior nostrils; connects to a blind olfactory sac below the skin.

Anatomy of Yellow Perch Ears

Lacks external ears; contains an internal ear with semicircular canals for balance.

Semicircular Canals

Essential for balance, allowing fish to maintain proper orientation in water.

Air Bladder

Linked to semicircular canals, it acts as a resonator for transmitting sound to the ear.

Gill Slits

Yellow perch possess four gill slits for respiration.

Mouth Position

The placement of the mouth indicates the feeding region within the water column.

Mouth Types

Three types: superior mouth for surface feeding, terminal mouth for mid-water feeding, and inferior mouth for bottom feeding.

Location of Taste Organs

Taste organs are situated in the skin of snouts, lips, mouths, and throats.

Lateral Line System

A sensory system consisting of pores connected to canals, responsive to pressure and temperature changes in water.

Median Fins

Yellow perch has two dorsal fins, one anal fin, and one caudal fin, totaling four unpaired median fins.

Paired Fins

Consists of two pairs: pectoral and pelvic fins.

Fin Rays

Fins are extensions of skin supported by bony fin rays for structural support.

Scales

Overlapping epidermal outgrowths, resembling shingles on a roof.

Types of Scales

Three types: cycloid, ctenoid, and ganoid.

Cycloid Scales

Thin, smooth-edged scales found on ray-finned fishes, such as goldfish.

Ctenoid Scales

Thin scales with serrated edges, characteristic of spiny-finned fishes.

Ganoid Scales

Primitive and thick scales made of three layers: enamel, bone, and dentine.

Scale Growth

Fish scales increase in size but not in number; lost scales can be replaced. Ridges on scales record age and growth rates, aiding in age determination and spawning cycle assessment.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Class Osteichthyes with these flashcards. Learn about the key features, anatomical terms, and the skeleton structure of bony fishes. Perfect for students studying ichthyology or marine biology.