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Questions and Answers
What determines the net movement of water by osmosis?
If pure water has a water potential of 0 kPa, what would be the water potential of a solution with a significant amount of solute?
How does pressure potential affect the water potential of a solution?
What happens to water molecules when they move through a selectively permeable membrane?
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In a solution with a solute potential of -630 kPa and a pressure potential of 330 kPa, what is the overall water potential?
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What effect does an increase in solute concentration have on a solution's water potential?
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What is the primary reason water moves from high water potential to low water potential?
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Which statement accurately describes osmotic (solute) potential?
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What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution?
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Which factor primarily affects the fluidity of the plasma membrane?
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What is the primary function of a colorimeter in the context of beetroot pigments?
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In an isotonic solution, what is the expected change in the state of plant cells?
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How does high temperature affect the permeability of the plasma membrane?
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What role does the blue-green filter play in a colorimeter when measuring betalain pigment?
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What happens to beetroot cells when they are placed in a hypotonic solution?
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What is primarily indicated when a colorimeter shows high percentage transmission in a betalain solution?
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Study Notes
Osmosis and Water Potential
- Osmosis involves the net movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane due to differences in water potential.
- Water potential (ψ) measures the tendency of water to move and is expressed in kiloPascals (kPa).
- Pure water has a water potential of 0 kPa; solutions have a lower (negative) water potential.
- Water moves from regions of high water potential to regions of low water potential.
Solute and Pressure Potential
- The presence of solutes lowers the water potential; higher solute concentration means more negative water potential.
- Osmotic (solute) potential (π) contributes negatively to water potential, as water molecules bind to solute, reducing free movement.
- Pressure potential (P) increases water potential; it is always a positive value, important in plant cells where the cell wall exerts turgor pressure.
- Water potential is calculated using the equation: ψ = π + P.
Cell Responses in Different Solutions
- Hypertonic Solutions: Cells lose water and shrink, leading to plasmolysis in plant cells and crenation in animal cells.
- Hypotonic Solutions: Cells gain water, swell, and may burst (lysis) in animal cells, while plant cells become turgid due to turgor pressure.
- Isotonic Solutions: No net movement of water; cells remain stable.
Factors Affecting Material Transport
- Temperature: Influences plasma membrane fluidity; low temperatures decrease permeability, while high temperatures can increase it, risking membrane integrity if too high.
- Beetroots: Contain betalain pigment; large molecules unable to cross membranes usually, useful for studying osmosis.
- Colorimeter: Measures light transmission through a solution to determine pigment concentration; uses a blue-green filter to assess the red color of betalain, demonstrating solvent absorption properties.
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Description
Test your understanding of osmosis and its traditional definition in biological systems. This quiz explores how water movement is influenced by water potential and the role of partially-permeable membranes. Assess your knowledge of key concepts and terminology associated with osmosis.
