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Questions and Answers
What critical role does osmosis play in the body?
What critical role does osmosis play in the body?
- Facilitating the digestion of nutrients
- Maintaining extracellular fluid composition and minimizing changes in cell volume (correct)
- Transporting oxygen to tissues
- Regulating body temperature
The plasma membrane allows all solutes to freely move in and out of cells.
The plasma membrane allows all solutes to freely move in and out of cells.
False (B)
According to the provided text, which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of water during osmosis?
According to the provided text, which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of water during osmosis?
- Water movement is independent of solute concentration gradients.
- Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. (correct)
- Water moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.
- Water moves randomly, irrespective of osmotic pressure.
Animals that maintain stable internal solute concentrations regardless of their external environment are called ________.
Animals that maintain stable internal solute concentrations regardless of their external environment are called ________.
What is the predominant cation found in extracellular fluid?
What is the predominant cation found in extracellular fluid?
What are two fundamental problems that animals face concerning osmoregulation?
What are two fundamental problems that animals face concerning osmoregulation?
Annelids in freshwater soil surroundings are typically:
Annelids in freshwater soil surroundings are typically:
Match the following cell conditions with the likely solute concentration of the surrounding environment:
Match the following cell conditions with the likely solute concentration of the surrounding environment:
A value of less than 100% in an osmoregulation experiment indicates that the animal has gained body water during the experiment.
A value of less than 100% in an osmoregulation experiment indicates that the animal has gained body water during the experiment.
In red blood cells, a(n) _______ solution will cause water to be drawn out of the cell, resulting in a shriveled appearance.
In red blood cells, a(n) _______ solution will cause water to be drawn out of the cell, resulting in a shriveled appearance.
Flashcards
Osmosis
Osmosis
The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Osmoregulators
Osmoregulators
Animals that maintain constant internal solute concentrations, regardless of the external environment.
Osmoconformers
Osmoconformers
Animals whose internal osmotic concentrations conform to the concentration of their environment.
Role of osmosis
Role of osmosis
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Hypotonic
Hypotonic
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Hypertonic
Hypertonic
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Isotonic
Isotonic
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Metanephridia
Metanephridia
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Study Notes
- Osmosis plays a critical role in maintaining extracellular fluid composition and internal body compositions.
- Osmosis minimizes changes in cell volume.
- Plasma membrane forms a hydrophobic barrier.
- Hydrophobic barriers restrict the movement of most solutes to and from cells.
- Osmosis is the method by which water moves to and from cells.
- In osmosis, water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
- Osmoregulators are animals which maintain body solute concentrations different from the environment.
- Freshwater animals are osmoregulators and are generally hyperosmotic to their environment.
- Osmoconformers are marine animals that do not maintain their osmotic concentrations different from the environment.
- Sodium (Na+) is the predominant cation in the extracellular fluid.
- Intertidal invertebrates (ex. barnacles) use behavioral mechanisms.
- Terrestrial invertebrate blood concentration is between 250 and 400 mOsm (milliosmolar).
- Two problems with osmoregulation: salts have to be consumed and are not readily available and water must be obtained and preserved within the animal, since evaporation from the body will always occur.
- Annelids are hyperosmotic to the freshwater soil surroundings.
- Metanephridia are a highly developed organ in annelids where excretion and osmoregulation occur.
- A value greater than 100% indicates an animal has gained weight during the experiment.
- A value less than 100% indicates an animal has lost body water.
- Erythrocytes are sheep red blood cells.
- Blood plasma is isotonic relative to the cytoplasm of red blood cells.
- Red blood cells have a concave shape, pinched in the middle.
- In a hypotonic solution cells become larger, more spherical and smaller.
- In a hypertonic solution water is drawn out, folds and shrivels and cells get larger.
- A sheep red blood cell is usually 330 mOsm.
- A greater decrease in the body mass occurs when the percent of seawater increases.
- Lower seawater percentages lead to higher weight being observed.
- A larger red blood cell diameter indicates a hypertonic solution.
- No overlap with SEM bars means results are significant, but more experiments still need to be completed.
- Overlap of SEM bars indicates insignificant data.
- No blood moves in or out of the cell indicating an isotonic solution.
- A hypertonic solution is when there is a higher solute concentration outside rather than inside the cell which leads to a decrease in diameter.
- A hypotonic solution is when there is a higher solute concentration inside the cell compared to outside leading to an increase in diameter.
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