63 Questions
Which solute contributes the most to the extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?
Sodium
Which solution is considered hypotonic?
D5W
Which hormone is released when serum osmolality increases and binds to V2 receptor to increase water retention?
ADH
Which of the following is NOT considered an effective osmole?
BUN
Which solution is considered hypertonic?
3% NaCl
Which hormone is released when there is a decrease in effective circulating volume?
Renin
Which receptor does AVP bind to in the basolateral membrane?
V2 receptor
Where is aquaporin 2 located?
Collecting duct
What does angiotensin II stimulate in response to decreased blood volume?
Non osmotic AVP release
What does BP depend on?
Cardiac output (CO) and venous return (VR)
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
ACE
What does angiotensin II cause in response to decreased blood volume?
Increased sympathetic response
What stimulates thirst in order to increase water intake and decrease kidney excretion?
Angiotensin II
Which of the following solutions is considered isotonic?
NS
Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus when sodium levels increase?
AVP
What is the primary determinant of intracellular fluid (ICF) osmolality?
Potassium concentration
Which of the following solutions is considered hypotonic?
D5W
Which hormone signals thirst in order to increase water intake and decrease kidney excretion?
ADH
What stimulates the release of renin in response to a decrease in effective circulating volume?
Sympathetic response
Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
ACE
Where is aquaporin 2 located?
Distal nephron
What does angiotensin II cause in response to decreased blood volume?
Vasoconstriction
Which of the following is NOT considered an effective osmole?
BUN
Which hormone is released in response to osmotic triggers and causes water retention by increasing aquaporin 2?
ADH
What is the goal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
To increase blood volume and increase pressure
Which solution is used to increase intravascular fluid volume and blood pressure?
Normal Saline (NS)
Which condition is characterized by elevated lipids or proteins in the blood, resulting in a false decrease in sodium levels?
Pseudohyponatremia
Which condition is caused by hyperglycemia and is associated with an increase in serum osmolality?
Hypertonic hyponatremia
What is the first step in assessing hyponatremia?
Assess serum osmolality
Where is aquaporin 2 located?
Renal tubules
What is the primary cause of hypertonic hyponatremia?
Hyperglycemia
What triggers the release of ADH in response to osmotic changes?
Increased serum osmolality
What is the function of angiotensin II in response to decreased blood volume?
Increase sodium/water reabsorption
Which hormone is released in response to osmotic triggers and causes water retention by increasing aquaporin 2?
ADH
Which condition is caused by hyperglycemia and is associated with an increase in serum osmolality?
Hypertonic hyponatremia
Which hormone signals thirst in order to increase water intake and decrease kidney excretion?
Angiotensin II
Which hormone is released when there is a decrease in effective circulating volume?
Renin
Which solution is used to increase intravascular fluid volume and blood pressure?
Normal saline (NS)
What is the first step in assessing hyponatremia?
Assess serum osmolality
Which hormone is released when sodium levels increase?
Aldosterone
What is the goal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
To increase blood volume and increase pressure
Where is aquaporin 2 located?
Apical membrane
Which solute contributes the most to the extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?
Sodium
Which of the following is the primary goal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
To increase blood volume
Which hormone is released in response to osmotic triggers and causes water retention by increasing aquaporin 2?
ADH
Which of the following solutions is considered isotonic?
Normal saline (NS)
What is the primary determinant of intracellular fluid (ICF) osmolality?
Water levels
What is the primary cause of hypertonic hyponatremia?
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following is NOT considered an effective osmole?
Sodium
Which condition is characterized by elevated lipids or proteins in the blood, resulting in a false decrease in sodium levels?
Pseudohyponatremia
Where is aquaporin 2 located?
Renal collecting ducts
What is the first step in assessing hyponatremia?
Assess serum osmolality
Which solute contributes the most to the extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?
Sodium
Match the following conditions with their causes:
Angiotensin 2 effect = Aldosterone increase, sodium/water reabsorption ADH release = Osmotic triggers, serum osmolality increase Non osmotic trigger of ADH = ECF volume decrease, RAAS activation Hypertonic hyponatremia = Hyperglycemia
Match the following substances with their effects:
Dextrose = Converts to CO2 and H2O in the presence of O2 ADH = Increases water retention NS = Increases intravascular fluid to increase BP Lactated Ringers = Increases effective circulating volume
Match the following types of hyponatremia with their definitions:
Isotonic hyponatremia = Pseudohyponatremia due to elevated lipids in the blood Hypertonic hyponatremia = Caused by hyperglycemia Hypotonic hyponatremia = Due to being hypovolemic, Euvolemic/SIADH or being hypervolemic
Match the following conditions with their causes or effects:
Pseudohyponatremia = Caused by elevated lipids or proteins Hypertonic Hyponatremia = Associated with an increase in serum osmolality, tested by measuring glucose or lab testing of unmeasured mannitol, glycine, sorbitol
Match the following conditions with their goals or effects:
Goal of RAAS = Increase blood volume (Na/Water retention) and increase pressure (vasoconstriction) Goal of ADH release = Dilute the blood by increasing aquaporin 2 to retain water Effect of dextrose = Increase intravascular fluid for increasing BP Effect of NS = Increase intravascular fluid to increase BP
Match the following conditions with their causes:
Isotonic hyponatremia = Elevated lipids in the blood Hypertonic hyponatremia = Hyperglycemia Hypotonic hyponatremia = Being hypovolemic, Euvolemic/SIADH or being hypervolemic Pseudohyponatremia = Elevated lipids or proteins in the blood
Match the following substances with their effects:
Dextrose = Converts to CO2 and H2O in the presence of O2 ADH = Increases water retention NS = Increases intravascular fluid to increase BP Lactated Ringers = Increases effective circulating volume
Match the following conditions with their causes:
Angiotensin 2 effect = Aldosterone increase, sodium/water reabsorption ADH release = Osmotic triggers, serum osmolality increase Non osmotic trigger of ADH = ECF volume decrease, RAAS activation Hypertonic hyponatremia = Hyperglycemia
Match the following conditions with their definitions:
Isotonic hyponatremia = Pseudohyponatremia due to elevated lipids in the blood Hypertonic hyponatremia = Caused by hyperglycemia Hypotonic hyponatremia = Due to being hypovolemic, Euvolemic/SIADH or being hypervolemic
Match the following conditions with their causes or effects:
Pseudohyponatremia = Caused by elevated lipids or proteins Hypertonic Hyponatremia = Associated with an increase in serum osmolality, tested by measuring glucose or lab testing of unmeasured mannitol, glycine, sorbitol
Test your knowledge on osmolarity and tonicity with this quiz! Learn about effective osmoles and their impact on water distribution between the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments. Identify the tonicity of different solutions, including D5W, 1/2NS, NS, and Lacta.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
