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Questions and Answers
At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model do the protocols on a typical local area network (LAN) use media access control (MAC) addresses to identify other computers on the network?
At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model do the protocols on a typical local area network (LAN) use media access control (MAC) addresses to identify other computers on the network?
Which of the following organizations developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Which of the following organizations developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for the logical addressing of end systems and the routing of datagrams on a network?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for the logical addressing of end systems and the routing of datagrams on a network?
On a TCP/IP network, which layers of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model contain protocols that are
responsible for encapsulating the data generated by an
application, creating the payload for a packet that will be
transmitted over a network? (Choose all that apply.)
On a TCP/IP network, which layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model contain protocols that are responsible for encapsulating the data generated by an application, creating the payload for a packet that will be transmitted over a network? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for translating and formatting information?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for translating and formatting information?
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Which of the following devices typically operates at the Network layer of the OSI model?
Which of the following devices typically operates at the Network layer of the OSI model?
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model provides an entrance point to the protocol stack for applications?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model provides an entrance point to the protocol stack for applications?
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for dialogue control between two communicating end systems?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for dialogue control between two communicating end systems?
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Some switches can perform functions associated with two layers
of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Which two of
the following layers are often associated with network
switching? (Choose all that apply.)
Some switches can perform functions associated with two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Which two of the following layers are often associated with network switching? (Choose all that apply.)
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At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model are there TCP/IP protocols that can provide either connectionless or connection-oriented services to applications?
At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model are there TCP/IP protocols that can provide either connectionless or connection-oriented services to applications?
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Which of the following layers of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model typically have dedicated physical
hardware devices associated with them? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model typically have dedicated physical hardware devices associated with them? (Choose all that apply.)
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At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model is there a protocol that adds both a header and a footer to
the information that is passed down from an upper layer, thus
creating a frame?
At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is there a protocol that adds both a header and a footer to the information that is passed down from an upper layer, thus creating a frame?
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Identify the layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model that controls the addressing, transmission, and reception
of Ethernet frames, and also identify the media access control
method that Ethernet uses.
Identify the layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model that controls the addressing, transmission, and reception of Ethernet frames, and also identify the media access control method that Ethernet uses.
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At which layer of the OSI model do you find the protocol
responsible for the delivery of data to its ultimate destination on
an internetwork?
At which layer of the OSI model do you find the protocol responsible for the delivery of data to its ultimate destination on an internetwork?
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Which of the following is not a protocol operating at the Network layer of the OSI model?
Which of the following is not a protocol operating at the Network layer of the OSI model?
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Ed is a software developer who has been given the task of
creating an application that requires guaranteed delivery of
information between end systems. At which layer of the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) model does the protocol that
provides the guaranteed delivery run, and what type of protocol
must Ed use?
Ed is a software developer who has been given the task of creating an application that requires guaranteed delivery of information between end systems. At which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model does the protocol that provides the guaranteed delivery run, and what type of protocol must Ed use?
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Alice is a network administrator designing a new local area
network (LAN). She needs to determine the type of cabling and
the network topology to implement. Which layers of the Open
Systems Interconnection (OSI) model apply to cabling and
topology elements?
Alice is a network administrator designing a new local area network (LAN). She needs to determine the type of cabling and the network topology to implement. Which layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model apply to cabling and topology elements?
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Which layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
do not have protocols in the TCP/IP suite exclusively dedicated
to them? (Choose all that apply.)
Which layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model do not have protocols in the TCP/IP suite exclusively dedicated to them? (Choose all that apply.)
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The protocols at which layer of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model use port numbers to identify the
applications that are the source and the destination of the data
in the packets?
The protocols at which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model use port numbers to identify the applications that are the source and the destination of the data in the packets?
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Which of the following is a correct listing of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model layers, in order, from top to
bottom?
Which of the following is a correct listing of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers, in order, from top to bottom?
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At which of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
layers do switches and bridges perform their basic functions?
At which of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers do switches and bridges perform their basic functions?
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On a TCP/IP network, flow control is a function implemented in
protocols operating at which layer of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model?
On a TCP/IP network, flow control is a function implemented in protocols operating at which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
defines the medium, network interfaces, connecting hardware,
and signaling methods used on a network?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model defines the medium, network interfaces, connecting hardware, and signaling methods used on a network?
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Which of the OSI model layers is responsible for syntax
translation and compression or encryption?
Which of the OSI model layers is responsible for syntax translation and compression or encryption?
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
is responsible for transmitting signals over the network
medium?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is responsible for transmitting signals over the network medium?
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Specify the layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model at which the Internet Protocol (IP) operates and whether
it is connection-oriented or connectionless.
Specify the layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model at which the Internet Protocol (IP) operates and whether it is connection-oriented or connectionless.
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An Ethernet network interface adapter provides functions that
span which two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model?
An Ethernet network interface adapter provides functions that span which two layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
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Which of the following protocols operate at the Application layer
of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model? (Choose all
that apply.)
Which of the following protocols operate at the Application layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
would be responsible for converting a text file encoded using
EBCDIC on the sending system into ASCII code, when required
by the receiving system?
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model would be responsible for converting a text file encoded using EBCDIC on the sending system into ASCII code, when required by the receiving system?
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Which of the following protocols operates at the Network layer
of the OSI model but does not encapsulate data generated by an
upper layer protocol for transmission over the network?
Which of the following protocols operates at the Network layer of the OSI model but does not encapsulate data generated by an upper layer protocol for transmission over the network?
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Which of the following devices run exclusively at the Physical
layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
(Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following devices run exclusively at the Physical layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following devices enables two computers to
communicate when they are using different protocols at each
layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference
model?
Which of the following devices enables two computers to communicate when they are using different protocols at each layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model?
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Which of the following best describes the function of a firewall?
Which of the following best describes the function of a firewall?
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Which of the following terms is used to describe the method by which a firewall examines the port numbers in Transport layer protocol headers?
Which of the following terms is used to describe the method by which a firewall examines the port numbers in Transport layer protocol headers?
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Which of the following physical network devices can conceivably be implemented as software in a computer's operating system? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following physical network devices can conceivably be implemented as software in a computer's operating system? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following switch types immediately forwards frames after looking at only the destination address?
Which of the following switch types immediately forwards frames after looking at only the destination address?
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What is something that only a firewall capable of stateful packet inspection can do?
What is something that only a firewall capable of stateful packet inspection can do?
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In its primary functionality, a network-attached storage (NAS) device is most closely associated with which of the following devices?
In its primary functionality, a network-attached storage (NAS) device is most closely associated with which of the following devices?
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Which of the following statements about the differences between network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SANs) are true? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following statements about the differences between network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SANs) are true? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following statements specify advantages of FCoE over the original Fibre Channel standard? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following statements specify advantages of FCoE over the original Fibre Channel standard? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following are Application layer protocols that network-attached storage (NAS) devices can use to serve shared files to clients on the network? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following are Application layer protocols that network-attached storage (NAS) devices can use to serve shared files to clients on the network? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following is not one of the advantages of iSCSI over Fibre Channel?
Which of the following is not one of the advantages of iSCSI over Fibre Channel?
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Which of the following is the term for the client that accesses an iSCSI device on a storage area network?
Which of the following is the term for the client that accesses an iSCSI device on a storage area network?
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Which of the following protocols are included in an iSCSI packet on a storage area network (SAN)? (Choose all that apply.)
Which of the following protocols are included in an iSCSI packet on a storage area network (SAN)? (Choose all that apply.)
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Which of the following protocol standards defines a layered implementation that does not correspond to the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Which of the following protocol standards defines a layered implementation that does not correspond to the layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
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Which of the following prevents packets on a TCP/IP internetwork from being transmitted endlessly from router to router?
Which of the following prevents packets on a TCP/IP internetwork from being transmitted endlessly from router to router?
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Which of the following is the abbreviation for a network of Internet datacenters supplying end users with localized access to their data?
Which of the following is the abbreviation for a network of Internet datacenters supplying end users with localized access to their data?
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Study Notes
OSI Model Layers
- The OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application
Layer 2: Data Link
- Uses MAC addresses to identify computers on a LAN
- Responsible for media access control
- Ethernet uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
Layer 3: Network
- Responsible for logical addressing of end systems and routing of datagrams
- IP (Internet Protocol) operates at this layer
- IP is connectionless
Layer 4: Transport
- Provides reliable data transfer between devices
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at this layer
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) also operates at this layer
- Connection-oriented or connectionless protocols
Layer 5: Session
- Establishes, manages, and terminates connections between applications
- Responsible for dialogue control between communicating end systems
Layer 6: Presentation
- Translates and formats information
- Responsible for syntax translation and compression or encryption
Layer 7: Application
- Provides an entrance point to the protocol stack for applications
- Supports functions such as email, file transfer, and virtual terminals
Other Key Facts
- Routers operate at the Network layer
- Switches operate at the Data link layer
- Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical layer
- Gateways enable communication between devices using different protocols at each layer
- TCP/IP protocols operate at multiple layers of the OSI model
Networking Appliances, Applications, and Functions
- A firewall is a device that restricts incoming and outgoing traffic between two networks.
- Service-dependent filtering is a method used by firewalls to block traffic based on port numbers.
- Deep packet inspection (DPI) is a method used by firewalls to examine the contents of packets.
- A router is a device that connects multiple networks together and forwards traffic between them.
- A switch is a device that connects multiple devices on a network and forwards traffic between them.
- A hub is a simple network device that connects multiple devices together.
- Network address translation (NAT) is a technique used to allow multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
- Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are used to monitor network traffic for signs of unauthorized access or attacks.
Switching and Routing
- Cut-through switching is a technique used by switches to forward frames immediately after reading the destination address.
- Store-and-forward switching is a technique used by switches to forward frames after receiving the entire frame.
- Routers operate at the Network layer and use IP addresses to forward packets.
- Switches operate at the Data link layer and use MAC addresses to forward frames.
- Routers can connect multiple networks with different Data link layer protocols and media.
Firewalls and Network Security
- Next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) are firewalls that can perform deep packet inspection and other advanced security features.
- Proxy servers are used to access Internet resources on behalf of a network user.
- Content filtering is a technique used by firewalls to block traffic based on the contents of packets.
- Load balancers are used to distribute incoming traffic among multiple servers.
- Unified threat management (UTM) appliances are devices that provide multiple security features, including firewalling, antivirus, and intrusion prevention.
Storage Area Networks (SANs)
- iSCSI is a protocol used to connect storage devices to a network.
- Fibre Channel is a high-speed protocol used to connect storage devices to a network.
- Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is a protocol used to connect storage devices to a network over Ethernet.
- Network-attached storage (NAS) devices are used to provide shared file access to a network.
Internet Access and Voice over IP (VoIP)
- Proxy servers can be used to provide Internet access to a network.
- VoIP gateways are used to connect VoIP phones to the Internet.
- VoIP PBX is a device that connects VoIP phones to a network and provides call management features.
Miscellaneous
- Time to live (TTL) is a field in a packet that prevents packets from being transmitted endlessly from router to router.
- Content delivery networks (CDNs) are networks of data centers that provide localized access to data.
- Control plane policing (CPP) is a feature used to prevent denial-of-service attacks on network devices.
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Description
Test your understanding of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, including the layers and protocols used in local area networks (LAN).
