OSI Model Overview Quiz

The Application layer provides network services directly to end user applications. It is responsible for process-to-process communication and uses protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS.

The Presentation layer focuses on data representation and encoding, ensuring that data exchanged between applications is in a readable format. It uses protocols like TLS and SSL.

The Session layer manages sessions between applications, establishing, coordinating, and maintaining connections. It uses protocols like NetBIOS and PPTP.

The Transport layer ensures reliable or unreliable data transfer between hosts using protocols like TCP and UDP. It provides flow control, error checking, and data segmentation.

The Network layer manages logical addressing and packet forwarding, routing packets across the network using protocols like IP, ICMP, and ARP.

The Data link layer facilitates data transfer between devices on the same network segment, handling MAC addressing and error detection. Protocols like Ethernet and PPP are used on this layer.

The Physical layer transmits raw bits over a physical medium, utilizing protocols like Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.

The Application layer in the TCP/IP model combines functions of the OSI layers 5, 6, and 7, handling high-level protocols and network services. It uses protocols like HTTP, FTP, and DNS.

A reference model that divides networking into seven distinct layers, each responsible for a specific function.

A suite of protocols that enables devices to communicate on a network. The TCP/IP model combines the lower layers of the OSI model (Data Link, Network, Physical) into two distinct layers.

A network cable composed of twisted pairs of wires, designed to transmit data over short distances. It is considered a reliable and affordable option for Ethernet networks.

Similar to UTP, but includes an extra shield around the wires to protect against interference. This makes STP a more robust option for noisy environments.

A network switching technique that starts forwarding a packet as soon as it reads the destination address, without waiting for the entire packet to arrive.

A switching method that involves checking the entire packet before forwarding it, ensuring data integrity and accuracy. This method is slower than cut-through switching.

A type of communication where data is sent in packets, each containing a small part of the overall information. This method enables efficient and flexible data transmission over networks.

The process of converting data from one format to another, allowing devices with different communication protocols to understand each other.

A type of switching that prioritizes speed over accuracy, focusing on fast processing with minimal delay.

A type of switching where the first 64 bytes of a packet are inspected to determine the destination, ensuring fast processing and minimal latency.

A process where a device sends a packet to itself using the loopback address. Mainly used for testing network connectivity.

A device within the same network as the sender. Allows for efficient communication within the network.

A device that acts as a bridge between networks, forwarding packets to other networks outside of the current one.

A network protocol that allows communication between different devices using logical addresses, independent of physical network types.

A protocol that ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data segments between applications, establishing a connection before data transfer.

A protocol that allows different applications to share the same network by dividing data streams into smaller segments, each labeled with a port number.

Devices with fixed configurations offer a set number of ports and features, while modular configurations provide flexibility to expand the device's capabilities as needed.

A routing mechanism where routers examine each packet individually, resulting in slower processing.

A routing mechanism that improves performance by storing information about the next hop for frequently used destinations in a cache.

Routers use load balancing to distribute traffic across available paths with identical metrics, maximizing network performance.

A type of routing table entry manually configured by a network administrator, offering high security but requiring updates when changes occur.

Routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP dynamically share network reachability information between routers, enabling them to automatically update their routing tables.

A router's process of looking up the appropriate exit interface for forwarding a packet, involving multiple lookups in the routing table.

A routing mechanism that uses a Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and adjacency tables to quickly identify the next hop for a packet.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless transport layer protocol. It's faster than TCP but doesn't guarantee delivery, thus making it suitable for real-time applications like streaming.

In UDP, data segments are not numbered or sequenced. This enables faster data transmission.

UDP doesn't track connections or establish sessions. Each packet stands alone, independent of others.

If a UDP segment gets lost, it is not retransmitted. This makes it less reliable but quicker.

The Presentation layer handles data formatting, compression, and encryption. It ensures smooth data exchange between two applications.

DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into machine-readable IP addresses (like 172.217.160.206).

DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) allows IPv6 devices to automatically configure their addresses without a DHCP server.