Orthopedic Treatment Methods Quiz
72 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a basic science concept supporting the use of electrical stimulation?

  • Generates electronegative potentials for bone formation (correct)
  • Reduces TGF-β and BMP's
  • Promotes angulation
  • Inhibits osteoinduction

    • Which of the following is a contraindication for Electrical Stimulation?

  • Stimulates neovascularization
  • Corrects angulation and deformity
  • Faster healing in fresh fractures
  • Synovial pseudoarthrosis (correct)

    • What is the purpose of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)?

  • Stimulates neovascularization and cell differentiation (correct)
  • Promotes angulation
  • Induces bone resorption
  • Accelerates bone healing

    • Which treatment option is considered the 'gold standard' for promoting vascular ingrowth and healing?

    <p>Autologous Bone Graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential consideration when defining the operative strategy for nonunion treatment?

    <p>Location in the diaphysis or metaphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option involves a piezoelectric transducer generating an acoustic pressure wave?

    <p>Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the 'Diamond Concept' of bone healing?

    <p>Mechanical stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone healing involves 'Relative Stability' of bony surfaces?

    <p>Secondary/Callus healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common non-operative treatment option for bone healing that uses biophysical principles?

    <p>Electrical Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone graft type is often used with Electrical Stimulation as a treatment for bone healing?

    <p>Autograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly used operative treatment option for nonunion of bone?

    <p>Compression lag screw fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bone healing, which treatment modality involves the application of pressure to achieve stability?

    <p>Compression plating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion involves a reduction in blood flow from organisms consuming the nutrition to healthy bone?

    <p>Septic Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nonunion combines atrophic and hypertrophic characteristics, leading to incomplete callus formation?

    <p>Oligotrophic Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nonunion, which type is characterized by excessive motion and instability, leading to the formation of a false joint over a significant time period?

    <p>Pseudoarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in encouraging osteoblasts for ossification to occur during nonunion treatment?

    <p>Compression and distraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nonoperative treatment option involves the use of electrochemical signals to impact cellular development?

    <p>Electrical Stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operative treatment option creates a mechanical and physiological environment that significantly influences subsequent lineage differentiation of stem cells?

    <p>Ilizarov frame application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered regarding nonunion until proven otherwise?

    <p>Infection should be ruled out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be evaluated to optimize the factors contributing to bone nonunion?

    <p>Renal sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sign of infection that should be evaluated during the physical exam for nonunion?

    <p>Presence of sinus tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab workup aspect should be considered important in evaluating patients with nonunion?

    <p>Renal function tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is recommended for the treatment of nonunion due to the emphasis on debridement?

    <p>Surgical debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be assessed during the patient work-up to identify potential risk factors for nonunion?

    <p>Smoking history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with using electrical stimulation in nonunion treatment?

    <p>Synovial pseudoarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option for bone nonunion involves applying mechanical stress to generate electrical potentials?

    <p>Electrical stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in bone nonunion treatment?

    <p>Microtrauma induced vascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bone healing, what does autologous bone graft provide that makes it the 'gold standard'?

    <p>Viable osteoblasts and progenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial when defining the operative strategy for nonunion treatment?

    <p>Infections at the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with hypertrophic nonunion?

    <p>'Relative Stability' of bony surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key determinant of the treatment of nonunion of bone?

    <p>Diamond Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in encouraging osteoblasts for ossification to occur during nonunion treatment?

    <p>Cellular proliferation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of nonunion that involves excessive motion and instability?

    <p>Malunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone healing involves 'Relative Stability' of bony surfaces?

    <p>Secondary/Callus healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bone healing, which factor is essential for osseous healing according to the Diamond Concept?

    <p>Mechanical stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone healing involves 'Absolute Stability' of bony surfaces?

    <p>Direct/Primary healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most important mediators having a direct effect on progenitor cells for osteoblastic differentiation?

    <p>Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are included in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) family that have a significant role in osteoblastic differentiation?

    <p>BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are critical in guiding the proliferation and differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for callus formation?

    <p>Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encourages preferential MSC differentiation into osteoblasts during bone healing?

    <p>High oxygen tension at periosteal surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are activated based on the local fracture environment in the haematoma?

    <p>Endothelial progenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates periosteal osteoblasts to produce type 1 collagen leading to intramembranous ossification during bone healing?

    <p>Osteocalcin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is initially laid down by chondrocytes in the central zones during endochondral ossification?

    <p>Type 2 collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves the purpose of a 'natural' scaffold when there is good apposition of bone at the fracture site?

    <p>Necrotic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a fracture that is a minimum of 9 months post occurrence, has not healed, and has not shown radiographic progression for 3 months?

    <p>Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bone healing, what type of bone matrix is mentioned as a treatment option when there is insufficient 'natural' scaffold?

    <p>Allograft bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered multifactorial and requires clinicians to consider multiple therapeutic interventions?

    <p>Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be evaluated to determine fracture healing, as demonstrated by cortical bridging of the fracture lines?

    <p>Radiographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone healing involves 'Absolute Stability' of bony surfaces and minimal interfragmentary strains of less than 2%?

    <p>Primary bone healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major determinant of treatment in nonunion of bones according to the text?

    <p>Diamond Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept in bone healing emphasizes the importance of understanding the cause of nonunion to provide proper treatment?

    <p>Diamond Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle focuses on the differentiation and remodeling aspects in bone healing?

    <p>Remodeling principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of 'Relative Stability' as related to secondary bone healing?

    <p>Cellular proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a key element for osseous healing in the text?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nonunion, which type is characterized by incomplete callus formation due to a combination of atrophic and hypertrophic characteristics?

    <p>Oligotrophic nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion involves a false joint forming over time due to excessive motion and instability?

    <p>Hypertrophic nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nonunion typically has adequate vascularity but so much mechanical instability that the body forms a false joint over time?

    <p>Atrophic nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of nonunion does a reduction in blood flow from organisms consuming nutrition lead to decreased new bone formation?

    <p>Oligotrophic nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion forms a false joint over time due to sufficient biology but significant mechanical instability?

    <p>Pseudoarthrosis nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nonunion involves excessive motion and instability, leading the body to be tricked into thinking there should be a joint present?

    <p>Septic pseudoarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nonunion is characterized by a reduction in blood supply to the fracture site, leading to bone resorption and thinning of the cortex?

    <p>Atrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a type of pseudoarthrosis where there is excessive motion and instability at the fracture site, leading to the formation of a false joint over time?

    <p>Pseudoarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of nonunion does the fracture site fail to develop a vascular network and is often associated with a lack of callus formation?

    <p>Oligotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pseudoarthrosis is characterized by the presence of infection at the fracture site?

    <p>Septic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a nonunion where there is an excessive formation of callus at the fracture site, resulting in a robust but structurally unsound repair?

    <p>Hypertrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of nonunion is there minimal biological activity at the fracture site, resulting in a lack of callus formation and delayed healing?

    <p>Atrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hypertrophic nonunion?

    <p>Decreased vascularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor distinguishes atrophic nonunion?

    <p>Excessive callus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of oligotrophic nonunion?

    <p>False joint formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes septic nonunion?

    <p>Excessive callus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of pseudoarthrosis?

    <p>Inadequate bone healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion presents with incomplete callus formation?

    <p>Atrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser