Orthopedic Surgery: Ankle Reconstruction Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended alignment in the frontal plane during tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • neutral alignment
  • 5 degrees of external rotation
  • 5 degrees of varus
  • slight valgus (correct)

    • What is the primary advantage of the anterior approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • less technically demanding
  • less soft tissue concerns
  • quicker recovery
  • better joint take down (correct)

    • What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • Protected WTB for 8 weeks
  • Immediate weight bearing
  • Jones splint and NWB for 8-12 weeks (correct)
  • Physical therapy and rehabilitation immediately

    • What is the direction of the medial screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>medially directed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of incision is typically used for the arthroscopic approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>anterolateral incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of avoiding resection of the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To maintain the ankle's natural buttress and facilitate coaptation of surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>It reduces the risk of damage to the saphenous vein and nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Decreased bone density, leading to fixation failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis, according to Glissan's Four Requirements?

    <p>Plantigrade and in neutral alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To evaluate the alignment of adjacent joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using two cross screws in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Improved stability and fixation of the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?

    <p>Loosening due to rotational forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>More flexible articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs?

    <p>Continued decrease in bone resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of fixed bearing modular intramedullary guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Permits vertical stem to bypass cystic bone and metaphyseal defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to guide ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>CT planning/referencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ankle arthritis is primary osteoarthritis?

    <p>94%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mean age at the time of ankle fusion?

    <p>55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ESAA cases have normal alignment?

    <p>37%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?

    <p>79.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by ligament instability?

    <p>20.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?

    <p>21.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines post-operative ankle motion?

    <p>The amount of stiffness before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary design flaw in the first generation of ankle replacement implants?

    <p>Too much bone resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>More flexible articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>More accurate implant placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?

    <p>Continued decrease in bone resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Petite patients with minimal deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using the anteromedial incision approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Better joint take down than lateral approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal alignment of the ankle joint in the transverse plane during arthrodesis?

    <p>5-10 degrees of external rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of the mini-arthrotomy approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Limited visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis in terms of weight-bearing?

    <p>Protected weight-bearing for 8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using large compression screws in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Better compression of the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a patient NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?

    <p>Any age with severe deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a contraindication for total ankle replacement?

    <p>Reasonable weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of total ankle replacement?

    <p>Polyethylene wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of total ankle replacement?

    <p>Painless, plantigrade foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?

    <p>To remove cartilage and prepare the surface for arthrodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Improved access to the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To provide a buttress for the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To plan the surgical approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for selecting a surgical approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Suprastructural considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Glissan's Four Requirements for a Successful Arthrodesis?

    <p>To achieve a successful arthrodesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of total ankle replacement?

    <p>Provides a painless, plantigrade, stable foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient is NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?

    <p>A 55-year-old with gross obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication associated with talar subsidence in total ankle replacement?

    <p>Early failure rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Reduced polyethylene wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor in total ankle replacement?

    <p>Hindfoot alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?

    <p>A notch to prevent fibular impingement and a polyethylene bearing made of HXLPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?

    <p>They are unable to dissipate rotational forces, leading to loosening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of three-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>They are more flexible and reduce shear forces at the bone-implant interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Increased risk of implant failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of CT planning and referencing in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>To determine the optimal position of the implant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Petite patients with minimal deformity and low physical demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal position of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane during arthrodesis?

    <p>right angle (90 degrees)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of ankle arthrodesis that can result from injury?

    <p>Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Improved range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the lateral screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Anterior (talar neck)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Improved range of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?

    <p>To ensure accurate coaptation of surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for surgical approach selection in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Suprastructural considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of ankle arthrodesis in patients with osteopenia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the optimal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis?

    <p>Neutral position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To provide buttress support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ankle arthritis cases have normal alignment?

    <p>37%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for ankle arthroplasty?

    <p>Post-traumatic arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?

    <p>Malleolar fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of patients undergoing ankle fusion?

    <p>55 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ankle arthritis is post-traumatic?

    <p>79.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of post-operative management in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Prevent complications and ensure proper healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patient is best suited for an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Those with soft tissue concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using a lateral incision and syndesmotic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>When there is a need for lateral joint resections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Mal-position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a Medial directed posterior screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>Better access to talar body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the lateral trans-fibular approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Decreased OR time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the ideal patient for total ankle replacement?

    <p>Low physical demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To alleviate pain and restore function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Severe ankle arthritis with significant deformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

    <p>Physical therapy and bracing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

    <p>Improved implant placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To promote bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an absolute indication for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Active infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To achieve a solid fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary indication for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ankle arthrodesis, which approach is typically used when there are soft tissue concerns?

    <p>Arthroscopic approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To alleviate pain and improve functional limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Mild ankle sprain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

    <p>Physical therapy and rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Improved bone healing and fusion rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach provides better joint take-down and is suitable for congruent deformity correction?

    <p>Anterior approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Pathologic laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

    <p>Time lost to disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of disorder that can contribute to chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Connective soft tissue disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term consequence of ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients will still have some feeling of instability at 1 year?

    <p>Up to 42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Functional Instability?

    <p>Presence of symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proprioception training in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>To improve balance and ankle stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?

    <p>Anatomic Reconstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the device that is used to provide stability and support to the ankle joint during the healing process?

    <p>Semirigid brace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA annually?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?

    <p>Acute ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

    <p>Chronic ankle instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

    <p>Ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Pathologic laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of patients may still experience instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

    <p>Up to 42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of instability characterized by symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity?

    <p>Functional Instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>To improve balance and prevent recurrent sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnosis for Subtalar Joint Instability?

    <p>Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the surgical treatment that involves the use of a semirigid brace with a stirrup design?

    <p>Conservative treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for the Brostrom repair?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>To improve balance and joint position sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using bracing in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Prevention of recurrent sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an anatomic reconstruction technique used in surgical treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Anatomic reconstruction with peroneus longus allograft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ankle sprains occur annually in the USA?

    <p>Approximately 2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>Degenerative joint changes and chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation to primary care providers and emergency departments?

    <p>Ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to degenerative joint changes and chronic pain?

    <p>Recurrent ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

    <p>Pathologic laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?

    <p>Recurrent ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>Chronic ankle instability and degenerative joint changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

    <p>Pathologic laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from acute ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

    <p>Ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of recognizing imaging techniques in ankle instability?

    <p>To identify instability of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservative treatment in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>To prevent recurrent sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of functional instability?

    <p>Symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test?

    <p>To diagnose mechanical instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Brostrom-Gould repair?

    <p>It provides a 60% increase in strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the Brostrom repair?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using semirigid braces with a stirrup design in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Cost-effective prevention of recurrent sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

    <p>Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Non-operative failure with persistent issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conservative treatment options is effective in preventing recurrent ankle sprains?

    <p>Taping and bracing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Osteopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of subtalar joint instability?

    <p>Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common biomechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Tibial varus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical evaluation test is more specific than MRI for diagnosing subtalar joint instability?

    <p>Talar tilt test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>To improve proprioception and reduce episodes of giving way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common associated injury found in chronic lateral ankle instability?

    <p>Peroneal tendonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criteria for subtalar joint instability?

    <p>Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of conservative treatment options for chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Avoidance of surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

    <p>Ankle sprains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?

    <p>Giving way or a sense of instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional aspect of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Abnormal gait pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Pathologic laxity of the ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an etiology of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Chronic symptoms with no exacerbating factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

    <p>Up to 42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Presence of symptoms of laxity without clinical or radiographic evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of etiology that can lead to chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Phasic overactivity of the anterior and posterior tibial tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of mechanical instability in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagnostic criterion for Subtalar Joint Instability?

    <p>Talocalcaneal tilt of more than 5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage increase in strength is achieved with the Brostrom-Gould surgical treatment?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the Brostrom surgical treatment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical post-operative course for patients undergoing ankle stabilization surgery?

    <p>NWB for 2-4 weeks, then walking cast for 2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using an autograft in ankle stabilization surgery?

    <p>Reduced risk of tissue rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of physical therapy after ankle stabilization surgery?

    <p>Increasing strength and stability in the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of using an allograft in ankle stabilization surgery?

    <p>Tissue rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a small area of Bone Marrow Lesion indicate?

    <p>Sclerosis of the subchondral bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining the success of conservative treatment?

    <p>Duration of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of lesions with a higher risk of displacement?

    <p>Unstable lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of surgical treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>To restore the joint surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>No improvement in symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum size of an osteochondral lesion that may be treated with osteochondral autograft?

    <p>1.5 cm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of microfracture treatment?

    <p>To stimulate cartilage growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

    <p>Decreased patient morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for osteochondral allograft transplantation?

    <p>Large talar lesions (&gt;10 mm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with allograft use?

    <p>Risk of disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of osteochondral lesions of the talus that are more commonly displaced?

    <p>Anterior to middle of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Catching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

    <p>Deeper and cup-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?

    <p>76%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?

    <p>Giving way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Ligamentous laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Acute trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from acute ankle sprains?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Location of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

    <p>Severe degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with OLTs reported a history of ankle trauma?

    <p>76%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Chronic ankle pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is more common in medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

    <p>Cup-shaped lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Clicking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Giving way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using osteochondral allografts in patients?

    <p>Medial or lateral talar defects that are 10 mm or larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?

    <p>Decreased patient morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

    <p>To repair or replace damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?

    <p>Risk of disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Failed primary surgical treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus reported a history of ankle trauma?

    <p>76%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

    <p>They are deeper and cup-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Catching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chronic condition associated with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Chronic ankle instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Chronic ankle pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>Chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a large area of Bone Marrow Lesion?

    <p>Severe degeneration of the cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

    <p>Giving way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Acute trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

    <p>Shoulder lesion with uncontained displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Locking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

    <p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>To alleviate pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of patients that may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lesion is associated with dorsiflexion and inversion?

    <p>Anterolateral lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical goal in the management of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>To restore the articular surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical location is more prone to displacement?

    <p>Anterolateral lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?

    <p>28%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lesion characteristics is associated with a higher risk of displacement?

    <p>Unstable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

    <p>To repair the damaged cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

    <p>3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?

    <p>Osteochondral autologous transfer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended size for medial or lateral talar defects that require allograft treatment?

    <p>10 mm or larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

    <p>Decreased patient morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of post-operative protocol after allograft treatment?

    <p>Early motion once wound is healed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended surgical approach for allograft procurement?

    <p>Lateral malleolar osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Lesions larger than 10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions who report a history of ankle trauma?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?

    <p>Better incorporation of the graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

    <p>Larger in surface area and deeper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome according to Berndt & Harty (1959)?

    <p>Stage I: Small area of subchondral compression, Stage II: Partially detached osteochondral fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding in ankles with OLTs that exhibited low intensity signal on MRI?

    <p>Severe degeneration of the cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lesions that are more likely to develop into cystic lesions?

    <p>Medial and cup shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical location of medial lesions according to the novel anatomical grid scheme?

    <p>Middle to posterior of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?

    <p>33%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?

    <p>28%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

    <p>To regenerate the cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

    <p>Displacement of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reparative technique used in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Microfracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?

    <p>Difficult to detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical defect size that is associated with a poor outcome?

    <p>1.5 cm²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To stimulate bleeding and bring mesenchymal stem cells to the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>Decreased patient morbidity and shorter surgical time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum defect size that is considered an indication for allograft transplantation?

    <p>10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the lower extremity for deformities before allograft transplantation?

    <p>To correct deformities before grafting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical weight-bearing restriction after allograft transplantation?

    <p>No weight-bearing for 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated failure rate of primary surgical treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test in the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>To assess the integrity of the lateral ankle ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of osteochondral lesions that are more prone to displacement?

    <p>Large defect size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>To repair or replace damaged cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

    <p>More commonly develop into cystic lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

    <p>Large area of bone marrow lesions exhibited low degeneration of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>To repair the defect with bone and cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>They are difficult to detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of reparative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Reparative techniques focus on stimulating the body's natural healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>It is used to replace the damaged tissue with a graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of new cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of contained lesions of the talus?

    <p>They have a clear border between the lesion and healthy tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Focused on repairing the damaged tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Berndt and Harty classification system?

    <p>It classifies lesions based on their stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of allograft transplantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To repair the defect with bone and cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of unstable lesions of the talus?

    <p>They involve displacement of the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?

    <p>They are more common in the medial talar dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>They decrease patient morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To restore the articular surface of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>Failed mosaicplasty or OATS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?

    <p>They have a lower rate of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

    <p>They have a higher rate of failure with microfracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of autologous chondrocyte implantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?

    <p>To restore the articular surface of the talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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