303 Questions
What is the recommended alignment in the frontal plane during tibiotalar arthrodesis?
slight valgus
What is the primary advantage of the anterior approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
better joint take down
What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Jones splint and NWB for 8-12 weeks
What is the direction of the medial screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
medially directed
What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?
both a and b
What type of incision is typically used for the arthroscopic approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
anterolateral incision
What is the primary purpose of avoiding resection of the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?
To maintain the ankle's natural buttress and facilitate coaptation of surfaces
What is the main advantage of the Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?
It reduces the risk of damage to the saphenous vein and nerve
What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?
Decreased bone density, leading to fixation failure
What is the ideal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis, according to Glissan's Four Requirements?
Plantigrade and in neutral alignment
What is the primary indication for using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?
To evaluate the alignment of adjacent joints
What is the primary advantage of using two cross screws in ankle arthrodesis?
Improved stability and fixation of the ankle joint
What is the primary purpose of ankle replacement surgery?
To relieve pain
What is a complication of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?
Loosening due to rotational forces
What is an advantage of 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
More flexible articulation
What is a characteristic of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs?
Continued decrease in bone resection
What is an advantage of fixed bearing modular intramedullary guidance in ankle replacement surgery?
Permits vertical stem to bypass cystic bone and metaphyseal defects
What can be used to guide ankle replacement surgery?
CT planning/referencing
What percentage of ankle arthritis is primary osteoarthritis?
94%
What is the mean age at the time of ankle fusion?
55
What percentage of ESAA cases have normal alignment?
37%
What is the percentage of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?
79.5%
What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by ligament instability?
20.4%
What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?
21.0%
What is the primary factor that determines post-operative ankle motion?
The amount of stiffness before surgery
What was the primary design flaw in the first generation of ankle replacement implants?
Too much bone resection
What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
More flexible articulation
What is the primary benefit of using CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?
More accurate implant placement
What is the primary improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?
Continued decrease in bone resection
What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?
Petite patients with minimal deformity
What is the primary indication for using the anteromedial incision approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Better joint take down than lateral approach
What is the optimal alignment of the ankle joint in the transverse plane during arthrodesis?
5-10 degrees of external rotation
What is the primary disadvantage of the mini-arthrotomy approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Limited visualization
What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis in terms of weight-bearing?
Protected weight-bearing for 8 weeks
What is the primary advantage of using large compression screws in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Better compression of the joint
What is the primary complication associated with tibiotalar arthrodesis?
All of the above
At what age is a patient NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?
Any age with severe deformity
What is NOT a contraindication for total ankle replacement?
Reasonable weight
What is a complication of total ankle replacement?
Polyethylene wear
What is a benefit of total ankle replacement?
Painless, plantigrade foot
What is the main purpose of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?
To remove cartilage and prepare the surface for arthrodesis
What is the primary benefit of using a Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?
Improved access to the ankle joint
Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?
To provide a buttress for the ankle joint
What is the primary advantage of using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?
To plan the surgical approach
What is the primary consideration for selecting a surgical approach in ankle arthrodesis?
Suprastructural considerations
What is the primary goal of Glissan's Four Requirements for a Successful Arthrodesis?
To achieve a successful arthrodesis
What is the primary advantage of total ankle replacement?
Provides a painless, plantigrade, stable foot
Which patient is NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?
A 55-year-old with gross obesity
What is a complication associated with talar subsidence in total ankle replacement?
Early failure rates
What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
Reduced polyethylene wear
What is a critical factor in total ankle replacement?
Hindfoot alignment
What is a major improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?
A notch to prevent fibular impingement and a polyethylene bearing made of HXLPE
What is a characteristic of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?
They are unable to dissipate rotational forces, leading to loosening
What is a benefit of three-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
They are more flexible and reduce shear forces at the bone-implant interface
What is a complication of osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?
Increased risk of implant failure
What is the primary purpose of CT planning and referencing in ankle replacement surgery?
To determine the optimal position of the implant
What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?
Petite patients with minimal deformity and low physical demand
What is the optimal position of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane during arthrodesis?
right angle (90 degrees)
What is a common complication of ankle arthrodesis that can result from injury?
Nonunion
What is the primary benefit of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
Improved range of motion
What is the direction of the lateral screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Anterior (talar neck)
What is the primary advantage of using 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?
Improved range of motion
What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?
Nonunion
What is the primary goal of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?
To ensure accurate coaptation of surfaces
What is a critical consideration for surgical approach selection in ankle arthrodesis?
Suprastructural considerations
What is a potential complication of ankle arthrodesis in patients with osteopenia?
All of the above
What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of the optimal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis?
Neutral position
Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?
To provide buttress support
What percentage of ankle arthritis cases have normal alignment?
37%
What is the primary indication for ankle arthroplasty?
Post-traumatic arthritis
What is the most common cause of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?
Malleolar fracture
What is the average age of patients undergoing ankle fusion?
55 years old
What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?
21%
What percentage of ankle arthritis is post-traumatic?
79.5%
What is the primary goal of post-operative management in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Prevent complications and ensure proper healing
Which type of patient is best suited for an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?
Those with soft tissue concerns
What is the primary indication for using a lateral incision and syndesmotic approach in ankle arthrodesis?
When there is a need for lateral joint resections
What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?
Mal-position
What is the primary advantage of using a Medial directed posterior screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?
Better access to talar body
What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?
All of the above
What is the primary advantage of the lateral trans-fibular approach in ankle arthrodesis?
Decreased OR time
What is a characteristic of the ideal patient for total ankle replacement?
Low physical demands
What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?
To alleviate pain and restore function
What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?
Severe ankle arthritis with significant deformity
What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?
Physical therapy and bracing
What is a benefit of CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?
Improved implant placement
What is the primary goal of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?
To promote bone growth
What is an absolute indication for ankle arthrodesis?
Active infection
What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?
To achieve a solid fusion
What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?
All of the above
What is a potential advantage of an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?
All of the above
What is a primary indication for ankle arthrodesis?
All of the above
In ankle arthrodesis, which approach is typically used when there are soft tissue concerns?
Arthroscopic approach
What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?
To alleviate pain and improve functional limitations
Which of the following is NOT an indication for ankle arthrodesis?
Mild ankle sprain
What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?
Physical therapy and rehabilitation
What is a potential benefit of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?
Improved bone healing and fusion rates
Which approach provides better joint take-down and is suitable for congruent deformity correction?
Anterior approach
What is the estimated annual number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA?
2 million
What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?
Pathologic laxity
What can result from repeated ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?
Time lost to disability
What is a type of disorder that can contribute to chronic ankle instability?
Connective soft tissue disorder
What is a potential long-term consequence of ankle sprains?
All of the above
What percentage of patients will still have some feeling of instability at 1 year?
Up to 42%
What is a characteristic of Functional Instability?
Presence of symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity
What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is the purpose of proprioception training in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
To improve balance and ankle stability
What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?
Anatomic Reconstruction
What is the name of the device that is used to provide stability and support to the ankle joint during the healing process?
Semirigid brace
What is the estimated number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA annually?
2 million
What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?
Acute ankle sprains
What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?
Chronic ankle instability
What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?
Ankle sprains
What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?
Pathologic laxity
What is the consequence of repeated ankle sprains?
All of the above
What proportion of patients may still experience instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?
Up to 42%
What is the name of the type of instability characterized by symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity?
Functional Instability
What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
To improve balance and prevent recurrent sprains
What is the diagnosis for Subtalar Joint Instability?
Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus
What is the name of the surgical treatment that involves the use of a semirigid brace with a stirrup design?
Conservative treatment
What is the contraindication for the Brostrom repair?
All of the above
What is the primary purpose of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
To improve balance and joint position sense
What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?
Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'
What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is the primary benefit of using bracing in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
Prevention of recurrent sprains
What is an anatomic reconstruction technique used in surgical treatment of chronic ankle instability?
Anatomic reconstruction with peroneus longus allograft
How many ankle sprains occur annually in the USA?
Approximately 2 million
What can result from repeated ankle sprains?
Degenerative joint changes and chronic pain
What is a common presentation to primary care providers and emergency departments?
Ankle sprains
What can lead to degenerative joint changes and chronic pain?
Recurrent ankle sprains
What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?
Pathologic laxity
What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?
Recurrent ankle sprains
What is the primary consequence of repeated ankle sprains?
Chronic ankle instability and degenerative joint changes
What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?
2 million
What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?
Pathologic laxity
What can result from acute ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?
Ankle sprains
What is the primary objective of recognizing imaging techniques in ankle instability?
To identify instability of the ankle
What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is the primary goal of conservative treatment in chronic ankle instability?
To prevent recurrent sprains
What is the characteristic of functional instability?
Symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity
What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test?
To diagnose mechanical instability
What is the primary advantage of using Brostrom-Gould repair?
It provides a 60% increase in strength
What is a contraindication for the Brostrom repair?
All of the above
What is the primary advantage of using semirigid braces with a stirrup design in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
Cost-effective prevention of recurrent sprains
Which of the following is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?
Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament
What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability?
Non-operative failure with persistent issues
Which of the following conservative treatment options is effective in preventing recurrent ankle sprains?
Taping and bracing
What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?
Osteopenia
Which of the following is a characteristic of subtalar joint instability?
Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament
What is a common biomechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?
Tibial varus
Which clinical evaluation test is more specific than MRI for diagnosing subtalar joint instability?
Talar tilt test
What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?
To improve proprioception and reduce episodes of giving way
What is a common associated injury found in chronic lateral ankle instability?
Peroneal tendonitis
What is the diagnostic criteria for subtalar joint instability?
Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus
What is the primary advantage of conservative treatment options for chronic ankle instability?
Avoidance of surgical intervention
What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What can result from repeated ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?
2 million
What can lead to chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is a major concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?
Ankle sprains
What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?
Giving way or a sense of instability
What is a functional aspect of chronic ankle instability?
Abnormal gait pattern
What is a mechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?
Pathologic laxity of the ankle joint
What is a consequence of repeated ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is an etiology of chronic ankle instability?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of chronic ankle instability?
Chronic symptoms with no exacerbating factors
What percentage of patients may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?
Up to 42%
What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?
Presence of symptoms of laxity without clinical or radiographic evidence
What is a type of etiology that can lead to chronic ankle instability?
Phasic overactivity of the anterior and posterior tibial tendons
What is a symptom of mechanical instability in chronic ankle instability?
Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'
What is a common presentation of chronic ankle instability?
Repetitive episodes of 'giving way'
What is a diagnostic criterion for Subtalar Joint Instability?
Talocalcaneal tilt of more than 5°
What percentage increase in strength is achieved with the Brostrom-Gould surgical treatment?
60%
What is a contraindication for the Brostrom surgical treatment?
All of the above
What is the typical post-operative course for patients undergoing ankle stabilization surgery?
NWB for 2-4 weeks, then walking cast for 2-4 weeks
What is the primary benefit of using an autograft in ankle stabilization surgery?
Reduced risk of tissue rejection
What is the primary goal of physical therapy after ankle stabilization surgery?
Increasing strength and stability in the ankle
What is a potential complication of using an allograft in ankle stabilization surgery?
Tissue rejection
What does a small area of Bone Marrow Lesion indicate?
Sclerosis of the subchondral bone
What is a key factor in determining the success of conservative treatment?
Duration of treatment
What is a common characteristic of lesions with a higher risk of displacement?
Unstable lesions
What is a primary goal of surgical treatment in osteochondral lesions?
To restore the joint surface
What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?
All of the above
What is a common complication of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
No improvement in symptoms
What is the minimum size of an osteochondral lesion that may be treated with osteochondral autograft?
1.5 cm²
What is the primary goal of microfracture treatment?
To stimulate cartilage growth
What is a potential advantage of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?
Decreased patient morbidity
What is the primary indication for osteochondral allograft transplantation?
Large talar lesions (>10 mm)
What is a common complication associated with allograft use?
Risk of disease transmission
What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation?
25%
What is the typical location of osteochondral lesions of the talus that are more commonly displaced?
Anterior to middle of the talus
What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Catching
What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?
Deeper and cup-shaped
What is a common functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?
All of the above
What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?
76%
What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?
Giving way
What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?
Ligamentous laxity
What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Acute trauma
What can result from acute ankle sprains?
All of the above
What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?
Location of the lesion
What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?
Severe degeneration
What percentage of patients with OLTs reported a history of ankle trauma?
76%
What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Chronic ankle pain
What is more common in medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?
Cup-shaped lesions
What is a mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Clicking
What is a functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Giving way
What is a potential etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
All of the above
What is the primary indication for using osteochondral allografts in patients?
Medial or lateral talar defects that are 10 mm or larger
What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?
Decreased patient morbidity
What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?
25%
What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?
To repair or replace damaged tissue
What is the primary disadvantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?
Risk of disease transmission
What is the primary indication for using autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients with osteochondral lesions?
Failed primary surgical treatments
What percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus reported a history of ankle trauma?
76%
What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?
They are deeper and cup-shaped
What is a common mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Catching
What is a chronic condition associated with osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Chronic ankle instability
What is an etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
All of the above
What is a common presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Chronic ankle pain
What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?
Chronic pain
What is indicated by a large area of Bone Marrow Lesion?
Severe degeneration of the cartilage
What is the characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?
Giving way
What is the etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Acute trauma
What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?
Shoulder lesion with uncontained displacement
What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?
All of the above
What is the mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Locking
What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?
To relieve pain
What is the primary goal of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
To alleviate pain and inflammation
What is the success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
45%
What is the estimated percentage of patients that may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?
50%
What is the duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
3-6 months
What is the primary etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
Trauma
Which type of lesion is associated with dorsiflexion and inversion?
Anterolateral lesions
What is the characteristic clinical presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
All of the above
What is the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing osteochondral lesions of the talus?
MRI
What is the primary surgical goal in the management of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
To restore the articular surface
Which anatomical location is more prone to displacement?
Anterolateral lesions
What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?
28%
What is the estimated success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
45%
Which of the following lesion characteristics is associated with a higher risk of displacement?
Unstable
What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?
To repair the damaged cartilage
What is the recommended duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?
3-6 months
What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?
Osteochondral autologous transfer system
What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage
What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?
25%
What is the recommended size for medial or lateral talar defects that require allograft treatment?
10 mm or larger
What is the primary benefit of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?
Decreased patient morbidity
What is the primary goal of post-operative protocol after allograft treatment?
Early motion once wound is healed
What is the recommended surgical approach for allograft procurement?
Lateral malleolar osteotomy
What is the primary indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?
Lesions larger than 10 mm
What is the estimated percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions who report a history of ankle trauma?
80%
What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?
Better incorporation of the graft
What is the primary complication associated with allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?
All of the above
What is the characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?
Larger in surface area and deeper
What is the classification of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome according to Berndt & Harty (1959)?
Stage I: Small area of subchondral compression, Stage II: Partially detached osteochondral fragment
What is the finding in ankles with OLTs that exhibited low intensity signal on MRI?
Severe degeneration of the cartilage
What is the characteristic of lesions that are more likely to develop into cystic lesions?
Medial and cup shaped
What is the anatomical location of medial lesions according to the novel anatomical grid scheme?
Middle to posterior of the talus
What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?
33%
What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?
28%
What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?
To regenerate the cartilage
What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?
Displacement of the lesion
What is the primary indication for using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?
All of the above
What is a reparative technique used in osteochondral lesions?
Microfracture
What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?
Difficult to detect
What is the critical defect size that is associated with a poor outcome?
1.5 cm²
What is the purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To stimulate bleeding and bring mesenchymal stem cells to the area
What is the advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?
Decreased patient morbidity and shorter surgical time
What is the minimum defect size that is considered an indication for allograft transplantation?
10 mm
What is the purpose of evaluating the lower extremity for deformities before allograft transplantation?
To correct deformities before grafting
What is the typical weight-bearing restriction after allograft transplantation?
No weight-bearing for 3 months
What is the estimated failure rate of primary surgical treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?
25%
What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test in the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
To assess the integrity of the lateral ankle ligaments
What is the characteristic of osteochondral lesions that are more prone to displacement?
Large defect size
What is the primary goal of restorative treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?
To repair or replace damaged cartilage
What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?
More commonly develop into cystic lesions
What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?
Large area of bone marrow lesions exhibited low degeneration of cartilage
What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions of the talus?
To repair the defect with bone and cartilage
What is a characteristic of chondral lesions of the talus?
They are difficult to detect
What is a characteristic of reparative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?
Reparative techniques focus on stimulating the body's natural healing process
What is a characteristic of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?
It is used to replace the damaged tissue with a graft
What is the purpose of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To stimulate the growth of new cartilage
What is a characteristic of contained lesions of the talus?
They have a clear border between the lesion and healthy tissue
What is a characteristic of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?
Focused on repairing the damaged tissue
What is a characteristic of the Berndt and Harty classification system?
It classifies lesions based on their stage of development
What is the purpose of allograft transplantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To repair the defect with bone and cartilage
What is a characteristic of unstable lesions of the talus?
They involve displacement of the lesion
What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage
What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?
They are more common in the medial talar dome
What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?
They decrease patient morbidity
What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To restore the articular surface of the talus
What is a common indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?
Failed mosaicplasty or OATS
What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?
They have a lower rate of failure
What is the primary goal of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage
What is a characteristic of osteochondral lesions of the talus?
They have a higher rate of failure with microfracture
What is the primary goal of autologous chondrocyte implantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?
To restore the articular surface of the talus
What is a common complication of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?
All of the above
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