Orthopedic Surgery: Ankle Reconstruction Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended alignment in the frontal plane during tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • neutral alignment
  • 5 degrees of external rotation
  • 5 degrees of varus
  • slight valgus (correct)

What is the primary advantage of the anterior approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • less technically demanding
  • less soft tissue concerns
  • quicker recovery
  • better joint take down (correct)

What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis?

  • Protected WTB for 8 weeks
  • Immediate weight bearing
  • Jones splint and NWB for 8-12 weeks (correct)
  • Physical therapy and rehabilitation immediately

What is the direction of the medial screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>medially directed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>both a and b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of incision is typically used for the arthroscopic approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>anterolateral incision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of avoiding resection of the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To maintain the ankle's natural buttress and facilitate coaptation of surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>It reduces the risk of damage to the saphenous vein and nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Decreased bone density, leading to fixation failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis, according to Glissan's Four Requirements?

<p>Plantigrade and in neutral alignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To evaluate the alignment of adjacent joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using two cross screws in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Improved stability and fixation of the ankle joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of ankle replacement surgery?

<p>To relieve pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?

<p>Loosening due to rotational forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>More flexible articulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs?

<p>Continued decrease in bone resection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of fixed bearing modular intramedullary guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Permits vertical stem to bypass cystic bone and metaphyseal defects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to guide ankle replacement surgery?

<p>CT planning/referencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ankle arthritis is primary osteoarthritis?

<p>94% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean age at the time of ankle fusion?

<p>55 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ESAA cases have normal alignment?

<p>37% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?

<p>79.5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by ligament instability?

<p>20.4% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?

<p>21.0% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines post-operative ankle motion?

<p>The amount of stiffness before surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary design flaw in the first generation of ankle replacement implants?

<p>Too much bone resection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>More flexible articulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>More accurate implant placement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?

<p>Continued decrease in bone resection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Petite patients with minimal deformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using the anteromedial incision approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Better joint take down than lateral approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal alignment of the ankle joint in the transverse plane during arthrodesis?

<p>5-10 degrees of external rotation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of the mini-arthrotomy approach in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Limited visualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended post-operative management for tibiotalar arthrodesis in terms of weight-bearing?

<p>Protected weight-bearing for 8 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using large compression screws in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Better compression of the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age is a patient NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?

<p>Any age with severe deformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a contraindication for total ankle replacement?

<p>Reasonable weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of total ankle replacement?

<p>Polyethylene wear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of total ankle replacement?

<p>Painless, plantigrade foot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?

<p>To remove cartilage and prepare the surface for arthrodesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a Transfibular with Medial Utility Incision approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Improved access to the ankle joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To provide a buttress for the ankle joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using advanced imaging techniques in pre-operative planning for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To plan the surgical approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for selecting a surgical approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Suprastructural considerations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Glissan's Four Requirements for a Successful Arthrodesis?

<p>To achieve a successful arthrodesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of total ankle replacement?

<p>Provides a painless, plantigrade, stable foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is NOT ideal for total ankle replacement?

<p>A 55-year-old with gross obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication associated with talar subsidence in total ankle replacement?

<p>Early failure rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Reduced polyethylene wear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in total ankle replacement?

<p>Hindfoot alignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major improvement of the fourth generation of ankle replacement designs over the third generation?

<p>A notch to prevent fibular impingement and a polyethylene bearing made of HXLPE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of constrained implants in first-generation ankle replacement designs?

<p>They are unable to dissipate rotational forces, leading to loosening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of three-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>They are more flexible and reduce shear forces at the bone-implant interface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Increased risk of implant failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of CT planning and referencing in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>To determine the optimal position of the implant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patient is best suited for a mobile bearing design in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Petite patients with minimal deformity and low physical demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal position of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane during arthrodesis?

<p>right angle (90 degrees) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of ankle arthrodesis that can result from injury?

<p>Nonunion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Improved range of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the lateral screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Anterior (talar neck) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using 3-component mobile bearing designs in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Improved range of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with osteopenia in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Nonunion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of debridement and preparation of the joint during arthrodesis?

<p>To ensure accurate coaptation of surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration for surgical approach selection in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Suprastructural considerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ankle arthrodesis in patients with osteopenia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the optimal position of the ankle joint during arthrodesis?

<p>Neutral position (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain the medial malleolus during ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To provide buttress support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ankle arthritis cases have normal alignment?

<p>37% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for ankle arthroplasty?

<p>Post-traumatic arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of post-traumatic ankle arthritis?

<p>Malleolar fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of patients undergoing ankle fusion?

<p>55 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ankle arthritis cases caused by pilon and talus fractures?

<p>21% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of ankle arthritis is post-traumatic?

<p>79.5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of post-operative management in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Prevent complications and ensure proper healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patient is best suited for an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Those with soft tissue concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using a lateral incision and syndesmotic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>When there is a need for lateral joint resections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Mal-position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a Medial directed posterior screw insertion in tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>Better access to talar body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recognized complication of tibiotalar arthrodesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the lateral trans-fibular approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Decreased OR time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the ideal patient for total ankle replacement?

<p>Low physical demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To alleviate pain and restore function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Severe ankle arthritis with significant deformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

<p>Physical therapy and bracing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of CT guidance in ankle replacement surgery?

<p>Improved implant placement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To promote bone growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an absolute indication for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Active infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To achieve a solid fusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of an arthroscopic approach in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ankle arthrodesis, which approach is typically used when there are soft tissue concerns?

<p>Arthroscopic approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To alleviate pain and improve functional limitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Mild ankle sprain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conservative treatment option for ankle arthritis?

<p>Physical therapy and rehabilitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of biologic augmentation in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Improved bone healing and fusion rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach provides better joint take-down and is suitable for congruent deformity correction?

<p>Anterior approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA?

<p>2 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Pathologic laxity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

<p>Time lost to disability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of disorder that can contribute to chronic ankle instability?

<p>Connective soft tissue disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term consequence of ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients will still have some feeling of instability at 1 year?

<p>Up to 42% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Functional Instability?

<p>Presence of symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proprioception training in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>To improve balance and ankle stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?

<p>Anatomic Reconstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the device that is used to provide stability and support to the ankle joint during the healing process?

<p>Semirigid brace (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of ankle sprains that occur in the USA annually?

<p>2 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?

<p>Acute ankle sprains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

<p>Chronic ankle instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

<p>Ankle sprains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Pathologic laxity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of patients may still experience instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

<p>Up to 42% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of instability characterized by symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity?

<p>Functional Instability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>To improve balance and prevent recurrent sprains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis for Subtalar Joint Instability?

<p>Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surgical treatment that involves the use of a semirigid brace with a stirrup design?

<p>Conservative treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for the Brostrom repair?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>To improve balance and joint position sense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

<p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using bracing in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Prevention of recurrent sprains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an anatomic reconstruction technique used in surgical treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Anatomic reconstruction with peroneus longus allograft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ankle sprains occur annually in the USA?

<p>Approximately 2 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

<p>Degenerative joint changes and chronic pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation to primary care providers and emergency departments?

<p>Ankle sprains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to degenerative joint changes and chronic pain?

<p>Recurrent ankle sprains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

<p>Pathologic laxity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result in chronic ankle instability, degenerative joint changes, and chronic pain?

<p>Recurrent ankle sprains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

<p>Chronic ankle instability and degenerative joint changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?

<p>2 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

<p>Pathologic laxity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from acute ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

<p>Ankle sprains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of recognizing imaging techniques in ankle instability?

<p>To identify instability of the ankle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative treatment in chronic ankle instability?

<p>To prevent recurrent sprains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of functional instability?

<p>Symptoms of giving way without clinical or radiographic signs of laxity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test?

<p>To diagnose mechanical instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Brostrom-Gould repair?

<p>It provides a 60% increase in strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the Brostrom repair?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using semirigid braces with a stirrup design in conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Cost-effective prevention of recurrent sprains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biomechanical cause of ankle instability?

<p>Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability?

<p>Non-operative failure with persistent issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conservative treatment options is effective in preventing recurrent ankle sprains?

<p>Taping and bracing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Osteopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of subtalar joint instability?

<p>Mechanical instability of the talofibular ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common biomechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Tibial varus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical evaluation test is more specific than MRI for diagnosing subtalar joint instability?

<p>Talar tilt test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of proprioception training in the conservative treatment of chronic ankle instability?

<p>To improve proprioception and reduce episodes of giving way (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common associated injury found in chronic lateral ankle instability?

<p>Peroneal tendonitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criteria for subtalar joint instability?

<p>Medial displacement of more than 5mm of the talus to the calcaneus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of conservative treatment options for chronic ankle instability?

<p>Avoidance of surgical intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from repeated ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual frequency of ankle sprains in the USA?

<p>2 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern of primary care providers and emergency departments?

<p>Ankle sprains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?

<p>Giving way or a sense of instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a functional aspect of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Abnormal gait pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanical etiology of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Pathologic laxity of the ankle joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of repeated ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an etiology of chronic ankle instability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Chronic symptoms with no exacerbating factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

<p>Up to 42% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

<p>Presence of symptoms of laxity without clinical or radiographic evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of etiology that can lead to chronic ankle instability?

<p>Phasic overactivity of the anterior and posterior tibial tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of mechanical instability in chronic ankle instability?

<p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Repetitive episodes of 'giving way' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diagnostic criterion for Subtalar Joint Instability?

<p>Talocalcaneal tilt of more than 5° (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage increase in strength is achieved with the Brostrom-Gould surgical treatment?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the Brostrom surgical treatment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical post-operative course for patients undergoing ankle stabilization surgery?

<p>NWB for 2-4 weeks, then walking cast for 2-4 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using an autograft in ankle stabilization surgery?

<p>Reduced risk of tissue rejection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of physical therapy after ankle stabilization surgery?

<p>Increasing strength and stability in the ankle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of using an allograft in ankle stabilization surgery?

<p>Tissue rejection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a small area of Bone Marrow Lesion indicate?

<p>Sclerosis of the subchondral bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in determining the success of conservative treatment?

<p>Duration of treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of lesions with a higher risk of displacement?

<p>Unstable lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of surgical treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>To restore the joint surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>No improvement in symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum size of an osteochondral lesion that may be treated with osteochondral autograft?

<p>1.5 cm² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of microfracture treatment?

<p>To stimulate cartilage growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

<p>Decreased patient morbidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for osteochondral allograft transplantation?

<p>Large talar lesions (&gt;10 mm) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with allograft use?

<p>Risk of disease transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of osteochondral lesions of the talus that are more commonly displaced?

<p>Anterior to middle of the talus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Catching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

<p>Deeper and cup-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?

<p>76% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom do patients with chronic ankle instability often experience?

<p>Giving way (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biomechanical cause of chronic ankle instability?

<p>Ligamentous laxity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Acute trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from acute ankle sprains?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>Location of the lesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

<p>Severe degeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with OLTs reported a history of ankle trauma?

<p>76% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Chronic ankle pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is more common in medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

<p>Cup-shaped lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Clicking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a functional complaint of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Giving way (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using osteochondral allografts in patients?

<p>Medial or lateral talar defects that are 10 mm or larger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?

<p>Decreased patient morbidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

<p>To repair or replace damaged tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of using allografts in osteochondral transplantation?

<p>Risk of disease transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

<p>Failed primary surgical treatments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus reported a history of ankle trauma?

<p>76% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions?

<p>They are deeper and cup-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Catching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic condition associated with osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Chronic ankle instability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Chronic ankle pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with non-union in ankle arthrodesis?

<p>Chronic pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a large area of Bone Marrow Lesion?

<p>Severe degeneration of the cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of functional instability in chronic ankle instability?

<p>Giving way (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Acute trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

<p>Shoulder lesion with uncontained displacement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in determining the choice of surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanical symptom of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Locking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of ankle arthrodesis?

<p>To relieve pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>To alleviate pain and inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>45% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of patients that may still experience feelings of instability at 1 year after an ankle sprain?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>3-6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>Trauma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lesion is associated with dorsiflexion and inversion?

<p>Anterolateral lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>MRI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary surgical goal in the management of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>To restore the articular surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical location is more prone to displacement?

<p>Anterolateral lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?

<p>28% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated success rate of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>45% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lesion characteristics is associated with a higher risk of displacement?

<p>Unstable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

<p>To repair the damaged cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions?

<p>3-6 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surgical technique that involves the use of a peroneus longus allograft?

<p>Osteochondral autologous transfer system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated failure rate of arthroscopic marrow stimulation in patients with osteochondral lesions?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended size for medial or lateral talar defects that require allograft treatment?

<p>10 mm or larger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

<p>Decreased patient morbidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of post-operative protocol after allograft treatment?

<p>Early motion once wound is healed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended surgical approach for allograft procurement?

<p>Lateral malleolar osteotomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>Lesions larger than 10 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions who report a history of ankle trauma?

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?

<p>Better incorporation of the graft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

<p>Larger in surface area and deeper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome according to Berndt & Harty (1959)?

<p>Stage I: Small area of subchondral compression, Stage II: Partially detached osteochondral fragment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the finding in ankles with OLTs that exhibited low intensity signal on MRI?

<p>Severe degeneration of the cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of lesions that are more likely to develop into cystic lesions?

<p>Medial and cup shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical location of medial lesions according to the novel anatomical grid scheme?

<p>Middle to posterior of the talus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with osteochondral lesions of the talus who report a history of ankle trauma?

<p>33% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of osteochondral lesions were missed on pre-operative diagnosis?

<p>28% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

<p>To regenerate the cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

<p>Displacement of the lesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for using allografts in osteochondral defect repair?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reparative technique used in osteochondral lesions?

<p>Microfracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?

<p>Difficult to detect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical defect size that is associated with a poor outcome?

<p>1.5 cm² (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To stimulate bleeding and bring mesenchymal stem cells to the area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>Decreased patient morbidity and shorter surgical time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum defect size that is considered an indication for allograft transplantation?

<p>10 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating the lower extremity for deformities before allograft transplantation?

<p>To correct deformities before grafting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight-bearing restriction after allograft transplantation?

<p>No weight-bearing for 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated failure rate of primary surgical treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anterior drawer test in the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>To assess the integrity of the lateral ankle ligaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of osteochondral lesions that are more prone to displacement?

<p>Large defect size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative treatments for osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>To repair or replace damaged cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of medial talar dome lesions compared to lateral lesions?

<p>More commonly develop into cystic lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unstable lesions?

<p>Large area of bone marrow lesions exhibited low degeneration of cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>To repair the defect with bone and cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chondral lesions of the talus?

<p>They are difficult to detect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of reparative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

<p>Reparative techniques focus on stimulating the body's natural healing process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>It is used to replace the damaged tissue with a graft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To stimulate the growth of new cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of contained lesions of the talus?

<p>They have a clear border between the lesion and healthy tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of restorative techniques in treating osteochondral lesions?

<p>Focused on repairing the damaged tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Berndt and Harty classification system?

<p>It classifies lesions based on their stage of development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of allograft transplantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To repair the defect with bone and cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unstable lesions of the talus?

<p>They involve displacement of the lesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of microfracture in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chondral lesions?

<p>They are more common in the medial talar dome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using allografts in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>They decrease patient morbidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of restorative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To restore the articular surface of the talus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>Failed mosaicplasty or OATS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using osteochondral autografts in osteochondral defect repair?

<p>They have a lower rate of failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of reparative techniques in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To stimulate the growth of fibrocartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of osteochondral lesions of the talus?

<p>They have a higher rate of failure with microfracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of autologous chondrocyte implantation in osteochondral lesion treatment?

<p>To restore the articular surface of the talus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of allograft treatment in osteochondral lesions?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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