Orthopedic Manifestations in Cerebral Palsy and Myelodysplasia

Spinal cord tethering should be ruled out with an urgent MRI if there is a change in neurologic exam.

Untreated infants with spinal cord involvement have a mortality rate of 90-100%.

Infants with L3 or above spinal segment involvement are mostly confined to a wheelchair.

Infants with L5 level spinal segment involvement have a good prognosis for independent ambulation.

Physiotherapy management will eventually be handed over to the parents or carers of the infant.

Cerebral palsy is a progressive upper motor neuron disease.

Contractures in cerebral palsy start as dynamic contractures and become static over time.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type and is characterized by increased muscle tone and hyperreflexia.

Spasticity control can be achieved through non-operative methods such as physical therapy and medication.

Myelodysplasia is a group of congenital disorders that result from chromosomal abnormalities and can cause neurological and anatomical anomalies.

Infants with L4 level spinal segment involvement are typically household ambulators.

True or false: Radiographs are useful for monitoring scoliosis/kyphosis, hip dysplasia, and pathologic fractures?

True or false: Survival and neurologic impairment in spinal cord involvement depend on the level of spinal segment involved?

True or false: Physiotherapy management will eventually be handed over to the parents or carers of the infant?

True or false: MRI should be done urgently if there is a change in neurologic exam to rule out cord tethering?