Orthopedic Knee Assessment

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What injury mechanism is commonly associated with ACL rupture?

Landing on a leg and quickly pivoting (correct)

Posterior drawer test

Hyperflexion of the knee joint

Valgus stress test

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) originate from?

Deep within the notch of the distal femur (correct)

Posterior region of the intercondylar area

Intercondylar area of the tibia

Lateral edge of the medial femoral condyle

What is the primary purpose of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

To insert in the anterior region of the intercondylar area of the tibia

To prevent valgus twisting injury

To stabilize the knee joint by preventing posterior tibial subluxation (correct)

To stabilize the knee joint by preventing anterior tibial subluxation

Which test is used to assess the lateral collateral ligament?

Valgus stress test (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of McMurray’s test?

To assess menisci injury (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to assess ACL laxity or rupture?

Lateral and medial ligament tests (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Mr. Georgios Arealis' specialization?

Shoulder and Upper Limb (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the position of the patient for the Apprehension test?

Sitting position (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the patient positioned for McMurray's test?

Supine with the involved knee extended (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the examination process, what is the first step after washing hands and introducing oneself to the patient?

General inspection, including walking aids around bedside (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of knee flexion for the Apprehension test?

30 degrees (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does significant anterior movement of the tibia on the femur suggest?

ACL laxity or rupture (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis mentioned in the text?

High BMI (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the Active Straight Leg Raise Test, what position should the patient be in?

Supine position (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Clarke's Sign / Patellar Grind Test?

To assess ACL laxity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'heamarthrosis' refer to in the context of the examination findings?

Bruising (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient try to do during the Active Straight Leg Raise Test?

Raise both legs above 20cm without bending the knee (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the tibia positioned during the Lateral and medial ligament tests?

Externally rotated (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which university is Mr. Georgios Arealis affiliated with as a visiting professor?

Canterbury Christchurch University (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common pathological condition mentioned in the text related to ACL injuries?

Meniscal tear (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the posterior sag sign in assessing knee injuries?

To assess the integrity of the posterior cruciate ligament (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the anterior drawer test, how should the examiner position the patient?

Supine with the knee flexed to 90º (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does significant movement during the anterior drawer test suggest?

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) laxity or rupture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the posterior drawer test primarily assess?

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) laxity or rupture (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is Lachman’s test considered an alternative assessment for ACL injury?

In OSCE scenarios (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of a positive patellar tap test?

Large quantities of knee effusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with the loss of quadriceps bulk after ACL surgery?

Baker's cyst (D) Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to assess for smaller quantities of knee effusion?

Sweep test (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a positive sweep test for knee effusion?

Small wave or bulge on the medial aspect of the knee (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to hypermobility in the context of ACL injuries?

Congenital valgus knee (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of feeling a gap during palpation of the knee?

Indicates patellar instability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of pain at the tibial tuberosity during knee palpation?

Osgood Schlatter disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of a swelling in the popliteal fossa during palpation indicate?

Popliteal aneurysm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated by pain at the joint line during knee palpation?

Meniscal injury (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential cause of developing tension in the muscles of the leg during patella mobilization?

Patella instability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a palpable swelling above or below the joint line indicate during knee palpation?

Meniscal injury (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of a pulsatile mass in the popliteal fossa?

Popliteal aneurysm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What might be indicated by pain at the tibial tuberosity during knee palpation?

Osgood Schlatter disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of pain at the tibial tuberosity during knee palpation?

Osgood Schlatter disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is typically indicated by developing tension in the muscles of the leg as you begin to mobilise the patella?

Patella instability (A) Signup and view all the answers