Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes orphan drugs?
What characterizes orphan drugs?
- They have a large margin of safety in their therapeutic activity.
- They may be useful in treating rare diseases but are often not commercially viable. (correct)
- They are financially viable and widely adopted by drug companies.
- They are always effective in treating common diseases.
Which of the following is not a reason why some drugs become orphan drugs?
Which of the following is not a reason why some drugs become orphan drugs?
- High demand for the drug (correct)
- Too toxic for human use
- Small margin of safety
- Lack of therapeutic activity
Which of the following forms is classified as a liquid form of medication?
Which of the following forms is classified as a liquid form of medication?
- Emulsion
- Patch
- Syrup (correct)
- Cream
Which of these is a characteristic of enteric-coated drugs?
Which of these is a characteristic of enteric-coated drugs?
What is a distinguishing feature of topical forms of medications?
What is a distinguishing feature of topical forms of medications?
What does the effectiveness evaluation of medication require?
What does the effectiveness evaluation of medication require?
What is the responsibility of a nurse when a client refuses medication?
What is the responsibility of a nurse when a client refuses medication?
What action is required if a medication is prescribed via telephone order (TO) or verbal order (VO)?
What action is required if a medication is prescribed via telephone order (TO) or verbal order (VO)?
Which of the following accurately describes the right to refuse medication?
Which of the following accurately describes the right to refuse medication?
What must be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of a medication?
What must be evaluated to determine the effectiveness of a medication?
What is the primary advantage of using the topical route for drug administration?
What is the primary advantage of using the topical route for drug administration?
Which of the following is NOT a form of medication that can be administered rectally or vaginally?
Which of the following is NOT a form of medication that can be administered rectally or vaginally?
How should the right client be verified before medication administration?
How should the right client be verified before medication administration?
What characteristic is important for medications administered through the respiratory route?
What characteristic is important for medications administered through the respiratory route?
Which factor could complicate client identification during medication administration?
Which factor could complicate client identification during medication administration?
What type of medications typically use the nasal route for administration?
What type of medications typically use the nasal route for administration?
What is a key reason for using topical medications?
What is a key reason for using topical medications?
Which of these routes allows drugs to be absorbed systemically through the mucosa?
Which of these routes allows drugs to be absorbed systemically through the mucosa?
What is the purpose of the buccal, sublingual, and translingual routes of drug administration?
What is the purpose of the buccal, sublingual, and translingual routes of drug administration?
What is the primary reason for using the gastric route of drug administration?
What is the primary reason for using the gastric route of drug administration?
Which route of administration is considered the safest and most convenient?
Which route of administration is considered the safest and most convenient?
What should a registered nurse do if they are uncertain about the calculation of a medication dosage?
What should a registered nurse do if they are uncertain about the calculation of a medication dosage?
What action should be taken if a patient vomits after taking oral medication?
What action should be taken if a patient vomits after taking oral medication?
Which of the following routes involves injecting medication directly into the spinal canal?
Which of the following routes involves injecting medication directly into the spinal canal?
What should be done if a medication order is illegible?
What should be done if a medication order is illegible?
Which statement regarding patient identification is most accurate?
Which statement regarding patient identification is most accurate?
What is the main consideration for administering oral medications if the client is vomiting?
What is the main consideration for administering oral medications if the client is vomiting?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for administering oral medications?
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for administering oral medications?
What is the correct frequency for administering medication labeled as t.i.d.?
What is the correct frequency for administering medication labeled as t.i.d.?
Which method should be avoided when administering enteric-coated tablets?
Which method should be avoided when administering enteric-coated tablets?
For proper absorption, which route is emphasized for administering medications orally?
For proper absorption, which route is emphasized for administering medications orally?
What is the main action to take when measuring liquid medication?
What is the main action to take when measuring liquid medication?
Which oral medication administration method requires mixing with water before consumption?
Which oral medication administration method requires mixing with water before consumption?
Which administration route is not appropriate for medications that require rapid absorption in emergencies?
Which administration route is not appropriate for medications that require rapid absorption in emergencies?
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Study Notes
Orphan Drugs
- Drugs that are discovered but lack financial viability for adoption by pharmaceutical companies.
- Potentially beneficial for treating rare diseases but may cause severe adverse effects.
- Often abandoned after preclinical trials or phase I studies due to:
- Lack of therapeutic activity
- High toxicity
- Teratogenic effects
- Small margin of safety
- Examples include Zavesca (miglustat), Trisenox (arsenic trioxide), Aldurazyme (Laronidase), and Glivec (Imatinib mesylate).
Drug Forms
-
Capsules
- Enteric-coated, chewable, sustained release, soft gel, and hard gel types.
-
Liquid Forms
- Syrup, suspension, elixir, emulsion, inhalants.
-
Topical Forms
- Cream, ointment, lotion, gel, patch, and suppository.
Injection Routes
- Intra-articular: Injected into a joint.
- Intrathecal: Injected into the spinal canal.
Principles of Drug Administration
- Medications are substances for diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases.
- RN responsibilities include questioning unclear orders, knowing medication information, and proper patient identification.
Routes of Administration
- Buccal, Sublingual, and Translingual: Administered to prevent degradation in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Gastric: Directly delivers drugs into the GI system via tubes for patients unable to swallow.
- Oral: Preferred route due to safety, convenience, and cost, used for conscious patients.
- Topical: Applied through skin or mucous membranes for dermatologic or local effects.
- Rectal/Vaginal: Suppositories or creams can treat local infections while allowing for potential systemic absorption.
- Respiratory: Gases can be inhaled for rapid absorption.
Ten Rights of Medication Administration
- Right Client: Verification through ID bands and verbal confirmation.
- Right Drug: Ensuring correct medication is given.
- Right Dose: Accurate dosage as per order.
- Right Time: Administering at recommended intervals.
- Right Route: Correct administration method for effective absorption.
- Right Evaluation: Monitoring the patient's response to the medication.
- Right to Refuse: Patients can decline medication; nurses must facilitate compliance when possible.
Oral Medications
- Most common route; contraindications include:
- Vomiting or unconscious patients
- Intestinal or gastric suction patients
- Difficulty swallowing
- Tablets/capsules may be crushed (except enteric-coated and certain types) and mixed with water for easier administration.
Parenteral Medications
- Administered via injection methods, such as intradermal or intramuscular; requires precise site selection and technique.
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