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The word 'Tondo' came from the word 'TUNDUN' meaning the front of the side of the head.
True
Tondo's primary business was the towing of small fishing boats from the Manila Bay to the Pasig River.
False
The word 'TUNDA' means to tow or pull a boat, and Tondo was a strategic settlement at the mouth of the river.
True
Tondo was a landing center for Arab and Chinese merchants in the late 6th and early 7th century.
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The sound system of old Tagalog is virtually identical to the inland dialects of Waray.
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The establishment of the Malay community in the Manila area led to the gradual and limited expansion of Islam into northern Luzon.
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Manila's administrative weakness was evident as state officials accepted bribes to permit illicit trade.
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The British East India Company and the British military sought to completely eliminate the illicit trade in Manila.
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The British occupation of Manila lasted from 1762 to 1764.
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The Spanish forces put up strong resistance against the British occupation of Manila.
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The archbishop of Manila was the legal civil and military commander of the Philippines when the British attacked.
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The influx of foreign capital increased the revenues of the Philippine government.
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There was a lack of social interaction between the inhabitants of Intramuros and Binondo.
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Spanish rule created a segregated community in the city of Manila.
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Social and cultural life in the city was modeled after Asia.
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Enterprising natives and Chinese mestizos acted as middlemen for foreign traders and amassed large estates.
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In 1858, Tondo had the largest population among the suburbs of Manila.
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There were no European Spaniards living in Intramuros.
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The Bell Trade Act was passed by the American Congress in 1945.
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The Bell Trade Act provided free trade relations between the Philippines and the Soviet Union.
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The influx of American officials, soldiers, teachers, and businessmen into Manila led to the immediate reconstruction and improvement of urban amenities.
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The telephone, wireless telegraph, and radio were introduced in Manila before the first airplanes reached the city.
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The number of American business establishments in the country decreased after the Bell Trade Act was passed.
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The Manila Electric and Railroad Company started operating before the telephone, wireless telegraph, and radio were introduced in Manila.
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The Katipunan aimed to achieve a transformation of Philippine society and government, not just independence from foreign rule.
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The leadership of the Philippine revolution was initially held by Bonifacio and his followers, but was transferred to Emilio Aguinaldo's Cavite elite group.
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The Chinese mestizos held positions of power in finance and education within the Filipino community.
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The Spanish and Chinese mestizos were the primary owners of the haciendas owned by religious orders.
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Children of the middle class in the Philippines were exposed to liberal ideas by studying in higher educational institutions abroad.
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Natives were not allowed to attend colleges like the University of Santo Tomas until the 20th century.
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Study Notes
Origins of Tondo
- Tondo originated from the word "TUNDUN", meaning "front of the side of the head", as it is situated at the mouth of the Pasig River.
- The word "TUNDA" means "to tow or to pull a boat", reflecting Tondo's strategic location as a natural trading station.
- Tondo has been a landing center for Arabs and Chinese merchants since the late Tang and early Sung dynasty (8th to 9th century).
- The area was inhabited by the Zambal, Kapangpangan, and Sincuna at around 900AD, before the Tagalogs arrived from northern Mindanao.
The Tagalogs
- The Tagalogs occupied the coastal and river areas, pushing the former occupants to the north, and eventually developed their own individual characteristics.
- The sound system of old Tagalog is virtually identical to the inland dialects of Waray.
The Malay Community
- In 1200AD, a Malay community settled in Tondo, coming from Brunei, and led to the gradual expansion of Islam into southern Luzon.
The American Colonial Period
- The Bell Trade Act of 1945 established free trade relations between the Philippines and the United States.
- Manila remained the colonial capital under American rule, with significant urban development and modernization.
- The influx of American officials, soldiers, teachers, and businessmen led to the establishment of institutions, public utilities, and new technologies.
The British Occupation
- In 1762, the British occupied Manila during the Seven Years' War, revealing weaknesses in the Spanish colonial administration.
- The British control was limited to Manila, and eventually withdrew in 1764.
Social Hierarchy and Relations
- The Spanish created an enclave community in Intramuros, with European-born Spaniards at the top, followed by Creoles and Spanish mestizos.
- Social and cultural life in the city was modeled after Europe.
- There was social interaction between the inhabitants of Intramuros and Binondo, with tensions between the Spanish, Creoles, and mestizos.
Economic and Social Changes
- The opening of Manila to world trade in the 19th century transformed the city and its suburbs into a cosmopolitan center.
- The emerging cash crop economy benefited the Spanish and Chinese mestizos, who became leaders in finance and education.
- The rise of a middle class and working class population led to the development of new industries and professions.
Education and Revolution
- The University of Santo Tomas and other colleges admitted natives in the second half of the 19th century.
- The emergence of a middle class led to the development of liberal ideas and the eventual rise of a national revolution.
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Description
Explore the historical origins of Tondo, a strategic settlement at the mouth of the river known for its primary business of towing large sea craft. Discover how Tondo played a crucial role as a natural trading station and entry point for goods from the river system in Balacca.
