Origins of Jesus and Christianity
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Christ' mean?

  • Anointed one (correct)
  • Prophet of God
  • Carpenter
  • Savior of the world

Which Jewish sect cooperated with the Romans to preserve the temple?

  • Zealots
  • Nazarenes
  • Pharisees
  • Sadducees (correct)

What was a common belief among all Jewish sects during the time of Jesus?

  • Messiah's arrival was a distant event
  • The return of the kingdom of God was imminent (correct)
  • The kingdom of God was already established
  • Cooperation with Romans was necessary

What was Jesus' early occupation before his ministry?

<p>Carpenter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups represented the common people and were biblical scholars?

<p>Pharisees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the societal conditions of Judea during Jesus' time?

<p>Oppression of the Jewish people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Pharisees interpret the Torah?

<p>More broadly, with encouragement for interpretation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant act did Jesus perform that is central to Christian belief?

<p>He died for the sins of the world (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the core belief of Martin Luther regarding salvation?

<p>Salvation is achieved through faith alone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Martin Luther's 95 Theses primarily address?

<p>Corruption and practices like indulgences in the Catholic Church. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Sola Scriptura' in Luther's philosophy?

<p>Believers can know God solely through the scriptures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable outcome of the Reformation led by Martin Luther?

<p>The establishment of the Lutheran Church. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sacrament is seen as the initiation into the Christian life?

<p>Baptism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'transubstantiation' refer to in the context of Holy Communion?

<p>A metaphysical change that is not observable physically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Martin Luther view the access to scriptures?

<p>Making it available to the common people was essential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the term used for when high positions in the clergy were sold?

<p>Simony (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between Luther's reformation efforts and the Catholic Church?

<p>They caused a permanent split from the Catholic Church. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a reason for Martin Luther's criticism of the Catholic Church?

<p>The belief in salvation through faith alone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason Jesus was considered a political threat during the Roman occupation?

<p>He incited nationalism by claiming he was King of the Jews. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event marked the beginning of Jesus' public ministry?

<p>His baptism by John the Baptist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major transformation did Paul undergo after his encounter with the risen Christ?

<p>He became an Apostle of a new Christian form of Judaism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which doctrine explains that God is one essence in three persons?

<p>The Holy Trinity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Jesus' preaching challenged existing Jewish laws?

<p>Focus on spiritual life over physical practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the Nicene Creed established in 325 CE?

<p>To unify and clarify principles of early Christianity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clause became a major point of contention leading to the Eastern Schism?

<p>Filioque clause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Pax Romana contribute to the spread of Christianity?

<p>It allowed for safe travel and communication across the empire. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Jesus' key teachings regarding interpersonal relationships?

<p>Forgive others and love your enemies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary effect of Jesus rising from the dead three days after his crucifixion?

<p>It confirmed the coming of the Messiah and established the early Christian church. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Eastern Schism in 1054 CE?

<p>Official split between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Paul after his conversion to Christianity?

<p>He established Christian communities across Europe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'incarnate' mean in the context of Christian doctrine?

<p>To embody or give shape to a divine form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Jesus’ life directly contrasted with traditional Jewish beliefs?

<p>His claim to divine parentage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Jesus Christ

The central figure of the Christian faith, believed to be the 'Anointed One' (Messiah) prophesied in the Old Testament, and the Son of God.

Christ

A term derived from the Greek word for 'anointed one', referring to Jesus Christ's role as the promised Messiah.

The Trinity

The belief that Jesus Christ is the second person of the Trinity, both fully God and fully human, and the sinless Son of God who died for the sins of the world.

Roman Occupation of Judea

The Roman occupation of Judea, the land where Jesus lived and preached, during his lifetime.

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Sadducees

A Jewish sect known for their strict adherence to the Torah and their cooperation with the Romans, representing the wealthy and aristocratic class.

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Pharisees

A Jewish sect known for their biblical scholarship and interpretations of the Torah. They cooperated with the Romans but emphasized their religious identity.

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Zealots

A Jewish sect that actively opposed Roman rule and fought for independence, rejecting any cooperation with the Romans.

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The Return of the Kingdom of God and the Messiah

The shared belief among various Jewish sects in the imminent return of the Kingdom of God and the arrival of a savior, the Messiah.

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Milestone in Christianity

An event that marks a significant stage in a Christian's religious journey, often involving rituals and celebrations.

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Sola fide

The belief that salvation is achieved solely through faith in God, without the need for good deeds or other actions.

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Sacrament

A sacred rite believed to transmit the mystery of Christ to worshippers, seen as a gift of grace from God.

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Sola Scriptura

The belief that the Bible is the sole source of religious authority, and that individuals can interpret it themselves without needing clergy.

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Transubstantiation

The belief that during communion, the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ, through a metaphysical change.

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Church as a teaching authority (Catholicism)

The belief that the clergy are appointed by God to guide the church and that their teachings should be followed.

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Conscience of the church (Orthodoxy)

The belief that the Holy Spirit guides Christians to make good decisions, and that all Christians have a role in interpreting Scripture.

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Confession

The act of confessing sins to God and seeking forgiveness from a priest.

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95 Theses

A list of 95 propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, aiming to reform the Catholic Church.

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Reformation

The movement that began in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther, which challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and ultimately led to the emergence of Protestantism.

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Jesus' Ethical Teachings

Jesus' teachings emphasized spiritual life over material possessions, advocating for love of the poor and downtrodden, forgiving enemies, and seeking forgiveness from God.

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Holy Trinity

The belief that God exists in three distinct persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit, while being one essence.

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Incarnation

The doctrine that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, assumed human form and became fully human while remaining fully divine.

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Paul's Teachings

The belief that salvation comes through the grace of God and faith in Jesus Christ, not by following the laws of the Torah (Jewish Law).

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Pax Romana

The Roman era marked by peace, tolerance, and cultural diversity under Roman rule, facilitating the rapid spread of Christianity.

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Constantine the Great

The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, declared religious tolerance for Christians, and moved the Roman empire's capital to Constantinople.

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Nicene Creed

A statement of Christian beliefs and doctrines, established at the Council of Nicaea to unify the early Christian church.

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Filioque Clause

The addition of "and the Son" to the Nicene Creed, stating that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, which contributed to the split between the Eastern and Western churches.

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Eastern Schism

The official split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Roman Catholic Church.

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Papal Supremacy

The belief that the Pope is the successor of Saint Peter and the leader of the entire Christian Church.

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40 Days After Resurrection

The period after Jesus' resurrection when he appeared to his disciples before ascending to Heaven.

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Parables

Stories that Jesus told to teach moral lessons and spiritual truths.

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Jewish Religious Leaders

Jewish religious leaders who opposed Jesus' teachings and ultimately played a role in his crucifixion.

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Jesus as King of the Jews

Jesus' claim that he was the Messiah, the King of the Jews, which caused political tensions during the Roman occupation.

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Jesus as a Threat to Religious Leaders

Jesus' teachings and miracles challenged the existing religious norms, making him a threat to the religious establishment of his time.

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Study Notes

Origins of Jesus and Christianity

  • Christian faith centers on Jesus Christ, the "Anointed One" (Greek).
  • Jesus is the prophesied Messiah of the Old Testament and the savior of humanity.
  • He is the second person of the Trinity (God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit).
  • Jesus, sinless, is the Son of God.
  • Jesus's death bridged the gap between humanity and God

Early Life of Jesus

  • Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born to the Virgin Mary.
  • He lived during the Roman occupation of the Holy Land (Judea), adhering to Jewish traditions.
  • Belief in the Messiah's return was common.
  • Though a carpenter's son, Jesus, at 12, taught scripture from the Torah in the Temple.

Society During Jesus's Time

  • The Holy Land, under Roman occupation, and Jewish people faced oppression
  • Feared for their religious identity
  • Believed the return of the kingdom of God, and their savior (Messiah,) was near.
  • King Herod was a puppet king of the Romans.
  • Wealth and power were concentrated in the hands of a small minority.
  • Most people were poor and oppressed.

Religious Structure During Jesus's Time

  • Various Jewish sects with differing views on Jewish tradition, scripture, and future existed.
  • Sadducees: Supported the temple and Roman rule, represented aristocracy and wealth, interpreted Torah literally.
  • Pharisees: Worked with the Romans, were scribes, represented common people, believed in broadly interpreting the Torah.
  • Zealots: Didn't cooperate with the Romans, were rebels fighting for independence.
  • All sects believed in a coming kingdom of God and a Messiah.

Jesus's Challenges to Authority

  • Jesus's teachings and actions posed a threat to Roman authority.
  • Claiming he was the King of the Jews stirred nationalism, and threatened existing power structures.
  • His teachings challenged the religious leaders and their interpretations of scripture.
  • Spreading new ideas about God & performing miracles elevated his threat level.
  • Jesus declared himself as the Son of God, challenging the Torah.

Jesus's Ministry and Life

  • At age 30, Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist and empowered by the Holy Spirit.
  • Jesus preached the imminent arrival of God's kingdom and gained followers.
  • His twelve disciples (apostles) helped spread his message.
  • Jesus challenged existing Jewish traditions and teachings.
  • Jesus used parables to teach profound spiritual truths.

Jesus's Death and Resurrection

  • At age 33, Jesus was arrested, crucified, and died.
  • Reasons for execution include undermining Roman rule and challenging religious authority.
  • Jesus was seen as a threat to existing orders.
  • Jesus rose from the dead three days later (crucifixion to resurrection).

After the Resurrection

  • Jesus's resurrection confirmed the coming of the Messiah.
  • It solidified the foundation of the early Christian Church.
  • Forty days after resurrection Jesus ascended into Heaven.
  • Jesus instructed his Apostles to spread the "good news" and to teach about forgiveness, love, and neighborly- love, even of enemies.

Core Christian Doctrines

  • Incarnation: Jesus's divine nature and humanity - God in human form.
  • Trinity: God as one essence with three persons - Father, Son (Jesus), and Holy Spirit.
  • Father: Creator, judge, directly accessible through prayer.
  • Son: Redeemer and savior, both divine and human.
  • Holy Spirit: God's life-giving presence, energizing spirits.

Development of Christianity

  • Christianity spread rapidly after Jesus's death and resurrection.
  • Apostle Paul: A crucial figure in spreading Christianity, initially a persecutor of Christians, later became one of their foremost apostles.
    • Preached Christianity to Gentiles and emphasized faith in Christ.
    • He traveled extensively establishing Christian communities and sharing God’s word (Gospel)
  • Pax Romana: Peaceful and secure time of the Roman Empire, contributed to the spread of Christianity.
  • Emperor Constantine:(325 CE): Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity, established religious tolerance.
  • Council of Nicaea: Called by Constantine to unify Christian ideas, leading to the Nicene Creed - uniform Christian belief.
  • Eastern Schism: 1054 CE. Split between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches due to various differences in authority, language, and political/geo-political factors.

The Reformation

  • Martin Luther: Leader of the Protestant Reformation (1517).
  • Criticisms of Catholic Church: Corruption, indulgences, practices, and unavailability of scripture to the common people.
  • 95 Theses: Luther's list of propositions to reform the Catholic Church.
  • Sola Fide (by faith alone), Sola Scriptura (by scripture alone): Key principles of Luther's philosophy, emphasizing faith for salvation and scripture as the sole guidance.
  • Protestantism: Non-Catholic Christian churches stemming from the Reformation.

Sacraments (Important Milestones)

  • Initiation: Baptism (cleansing from original sin, entry), Eucharist or Holy Communion (celebration of the last supper, commemoration of Christ's body and blood).

  • Confirmation: Full participation in the church.

  • Healing: Reconciliation/Confession (forgiveness of sins), Anointing the Sick/Dying (preparation/consolation for death)

  • Service: Matrimony (marriage as a sacred vow), Ordination (formal entry to clergy).

Bible

  • Christian Bible composed of the Old Testament (shared with Judaism) and the New Testament (27 books).

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Explore the foundational aspects of Jesus Christ and the early Christian faith in this quiz. Delve into His origins, early life, and the societal context in which He lived. Understand the significance of Jesus as the prophesied Messiah and His role in bridging humanity with God.

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