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What is the term used to describe a society differentiated by levels of wealth and power?
Civilization
What age witnessed the development of cave paintings and discovery of fire?
Paleolithic Age
What was the move from hunting and gathering toward the systematic growing of food called?
Neolithic Revolution
Which ancient civilization began in Sumer around 3000 B.C.?
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Who was the founder of the Akkadian Empire known for establishing the first empire in Mesopotamia?
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Who was the most famous of the Amorite kings of the Babylonian Empire?
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What is the 'wedge-shaped' writing of Mesopotamia known as?
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What literary epic is known as a great work of the ancient Sumerians?
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What river was of paramount importance in the development of Egyptian civilization?
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Ancient Egyptian history is divided into three major periods: The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the ______.
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The Egyptians were monotheistic during the Old Kingdom.
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Who is the Egyptian god most closely associated with the process of mummification?
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What was the primary writing system used in ancient Egypt?
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The Egyptian number system was based on what number?
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What language group do Greek, Latin, Persian, and similar languages belong to?
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Where was the Minoan civilization geographically located?
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What was the undeciphered primary script used in Minoan civilization's palace and religious writings?
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To what language group did the Mycenaeans belong?
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What was considered the most important virtue of being a skilled warrior to the Mycenaeans?
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What was the earliest written form of Greek used by the Mycenaeans known as?
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Who is considered the patriarch of the Hebrew people according to their religious tradition?
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Who is credited with founding Jerusalem and is considered the greatest king of Israel?
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The destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. occurred at the hands of the ______.
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What was the most important contribution to the ancient Near East?
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What group was known as the warlike conquerors of Mesopotamia and Egypt?
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The Assyrian military primarily used peace tactics.
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What is one of the architectural achievements during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II?
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From whom did the Greeks adopt the alphabet during the Greek Archaic Age?
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What does the Iliad tell the story of?
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What is Greek polis?
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What was a new Greek military formation where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder called?
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Democracy in ancient Greece discriminated based on birth or wealth.
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What economic problems did the poor in Athens face?
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Who began the major reforms that would create Athenian democracy?
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Who founded the Achaemenid Empire?
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Who led the Athenians and their Greek allies to victory at the Battle of Marathon?
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Who was the Persian ruler that led the 'Second' Invasion of Greece?
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What heroic delaying action was led by King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans?
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Greek unity was solidified as a result of the Peloponnesian War.
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Who is known as 'the Father of History'?
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What philosopher was forced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock?
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Study Notes
The Origins of Civilization and Egypt
- Civilization is defined as a society with distinct levels of wealth and power, where control rests in urban centers.
- The Paleolithic Age (2.5 million to 10,000 years ago) saw cave paintings, division of labor, and the discovery of fire.
- The Neolithic Revolution marked a shift from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture.
- Sumer, situated in Mesopotamia, witnessed the rise of one of the first ancient civilizations around 3000 B.C.
- Sargon the Great established the first Mesopotamian empire, the Akkadian Empire.
- Hammurabi, a renowned Amorite king of the Babylonian Empire, codified a significant set of laws.
- Cuneiform, the wedge-shaped writing of Mesopotamia, was a significant development.
- The Epic of Gilgamesh is a celebrated Sumerian literary epic.
- The Nile River played a vital role in the development of Egyptian civilization.
- Ancient Egyptian history is divided into three periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
- During the Old Kingdom, Re, the sun god, was the chief deity in Egyptian polytheistic beliefs.
- The title of Pharaoh was adopted by rulers during the New Kingdom.
- Osiris, the Egyptian god associated with mummification, held a prominent position in their beliefs.
- Hieroglyphics, a writing system with symbols representing sounds and objects, was the primary method of communication in ancient Egypt.
- The Egyptian number system was based on the number 10.
- Greek, Latin, Persian, and similar languages are grouped under the Indo-European language family.
The Bronze Age and the Iron Age
- Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete, flourished in the Mediterranean Sea.
- Linear, an undeciphered script, was used in Minoan palace and religious writings.
- Mycenaean civilization belonged to the Greek language group.
- Military prowess, particularly skill in warfare, was highly valued among the Mycenaeans.
- Linear B, the earliest written form of Greek, was utilized by the Mycenaeans.
- Abraham is considered the patriarch of the Hebrew people according to their religious tradition.
- King David is revered as the greatest king of Israel, credited with founding Jerusalem.
- Three key pillars of Jewish religious tradition are the Covenant, the Law, and the Prophets.
- The Chaldeans destroyed Jerusalem in 586 B.C., resulting in the exile of the Hebrews.
- A simplified alphabet and writing system was a significant contribution to the ancient Near East.
- The Assyrians, a warlike people, conquered Mesopotamia and Egypt.
- Assyrian military tactics included terror, a well-trained iron-wielding army, and horse-drawn chariots.
- The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, constructed during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, were a notable architectural achievement.
Archaic Greece, The Persian Wars, and Classical Greece
- During the Greek Archaic Age, the Greeks adopted the alphabet from the Phoenicians.
- The Iliad, an epic poem by Homer, recounts the Trojan War, focusing on the wrath of Achilles.
- A polis, an independent city-state, was a fundamental element of Greek society.
- The phalanx, a military formation where soldiers stood shoulder to shoulder in ranks, was implemented by the Greeks.
- Democracy, rule by the people without discriminatory factors, was a core principle of Athenian governance.
- Athenian economic struggles, including families being sold into slavery, led to the appointment of Solon to save the city.
- Cleisthenes introduced reforms that laid the foundation for Athenian democracy.
- Cyrus the Great established the Achaemenid Empire.
- Miltiades led the Athenians and their allies to victory at the Battle of Marathon against the Persians.
- Xerxes, the Persian ruler, led the "Second" Invasion of Greece with a large army, resulting in the battles of 480-479 B.C.
- The Battle of Thermopylae witnessed the heroic stand of King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans, delaying the Persian invasion.
- The Peloponnesian War destroyed Greek unity.
- Herodotus, known as "the Father of History," wrote about the "Persian Wars."
- Socrates, a renowned Greek philosopher, was forced to commit suicide for allegedly corrupting Athenian youth.
The Hellenistic Age
- Hellenistic refers to the civilization that emerged from the Greek conquest, encompassing elements of Greek culture.
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Description
Explore the significant milestones in the development of early civilizations, focusing on the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the rise of Sumer and Egypt, and key historical figures like Hammurabi and Sargon the Great. This quiz delves into major cultural innovations, including cuneiform writing and the Epic of Gilgamesh, revealing how geography and agriculture shaped these societies.
