Orientation to Computing-I: Version Control

Orientation to Computing-I

• Course code: LTP 200
• This course introduces fundamental concepts of version control using Git and GitHub

Unit 6: Version Control

• Overview of Git and GitHub
• Installation of Git and creation of a GitHub account
• Creation of a local Git repository
• Adding new files to the repository
• Creating commits
• Making new branches within a repository
• Git commands for various tasks

What is Git and GitHub?

• Git: A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development
• Used to coordinate work among programmers and manage changes in files
• Goals include speed and data integrity, and support for distributed workflows
• GitHub: A web-based Git repository hosting service
• Provides all distributed revision control and source code management (SCM) functionality of Git, and adds its own features

Diff. between Git and GitHub

• Git vs GitHub
• Git: First developed in 2005, locally installed, high-quality version control system
• GitHub: Designed as a hosting service, a cloud-based service

Git vs GitHub comparison

• Git: Installed locally, maintained by The Linux Foundation, focused on version control, primarily a command-line tool, minimal external tool configuration features.
• GitHub: Hosted in the cloud, company launched in 2008 and purchased by Microsoft, focuses on centralized source code hosting, desktop interface, user management features, and marketplace.

Install Git

• Downloadable from https://git-scm.com/downloads
• Multiple versions available for different operating systems

Create GitHub Account

• Visit https://github.com/ to create an account
• Steps for creating an account are shown

Create a Local Git Repository

• Create a directory to contain the project
• Go to the new directory
• Type git init
• Write some code
• Add files using git add
• Add commit comment using git commit

Add a new file to the repository

• Create new files or edit existing files in the local project directory
• Use git add --all to add all files or changes to the repository
• Use git status to see changes to be added/committed

Creating a Commit

• Diagrams are provided demonstrating local and remote repository synchronization

Creation of a new branch

• Use git branch to create new branches off the main branch
• Use git checkout to switch to a new branch

Git Commands

• Controlling, forking, and building repositories.

  • Introduction and configuration commands

  $ git config --global user.name {given name}
  $ git config --global user.email {given email}
  

  • Running code editor:

  $ code
  

  • Initializing an empty repository

    $ git init
    

  • Adding to staging area:

     $ git add {filename}  
    

  • Committing:

      $ git commit
    

    Adding file to repo:

      $ touch {filename}
    ```
  - Adding all to staging area
  

   $ git add -A
  ```
  

  • Adding comments:

    $ git commit -m "your comment"
  

  • Undoing changes:

      $ git checkout {filename}
       $ git checkout -f
    

  • Viewing logs:

      $ git log
      $ git log -p
    

  • Viewing differences:

    $ git diff
    

  • Auto-committing all files:

    $ git commit -a -m "Comment"
  

  • Removing files:

   $ git rm {filename}
   ```
  - Branching into repository,Switching to new branch,
  
   ```
    $ git branch {branch name}
    $ git checkout {branchname}
   ```
  
  
  

This quiz covers key concepts of version control using Git and GitHub, as outlined in Orientation to Computing-I. Questions will test your knowledge on installation, repository creation, and the distinction between Git and GitHub, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of these essential tools for software development.