Organizational Structure in Hospitals

In this structure, individuals with similar skills are grouped together based on their area of expertise, like finance, marketing, or human resources.

A structure where a company organizes teams around specific products or projects catering to particular customer needs.

A combination of the functional and divisional structures, creating a more complex system where individuals are grouped by function and then assigned to specific projects or products.

A structure that aims to decentralize management, giving each employee more autonomy and responsibility without a traditional 'boss'.

The governing body responsible for strategic decision-making within a hospital.

Leaders responsible for managing the hospital, making financial decisions, and setting the strategic direction.

A process that systematically assesses the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of services provided by a hospital.

These include methods and tools used to evaluate the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of hospital services.

The top-level executives responsible for overall hospital operations, including financial management and strategic decisions.

Individuals responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of specific departments within a hospital, reporting to the hospital executives.

Professionals who directly provide patient care within a hospital, including nurses, doctors, and physical therapists.

Managers responsible for overseeing small groups of professionals who provide direct patient care, ensuring compliance with hospital procedures and legal requirements.

A visual representation of the hierarchical organization of an entity, outlining the chain of command and reporting relationships between individuals and departments.

A type of organizational structure commonly found in small organizations, centralized management, where the strategic leader holds the power and makes key decisions.

A more standardized organizational structure, commonly found in larger organizations, with a greater emphasis on rules, regulations, and procedures.

Hospital services evaluation is a process that measures how well services achieve their goals and are efficient.

Post-bureaucratic structures use strict hierarchies but also modern management techniques, like Total Quality Management, to increase efficiency and flexibility.

The 'Means' evaluation focuses on resources like staff, buildings, equipment, and supplies.

The 'Methods' evaluation checks if the hospital uses its resources and procedures effectively and wisely.

The 'End-results' evaluation assesses the positive effects achieved for patients and the community.

Evaluating the organization, process, content, outcome, and impact helps assess the quality of hospital care.

Evaluation of hospital services has three main goals: safeguarding patient interests, identifying shortcomings, and providing a sound appraisal of management.

Evaluation of hospital services involves five steps: defining objectives, gathering data, analyzing data, making recommendations, and implementing changes.

A management technique that uses sampling, probability, and statistical inference to ensure consistent quality in products or processes.

A structured process to evaluate, improve, and monitor the quality of medical care provided to patients.

A systematic evaluation of the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of hospital services, often using surveys, data analysis, and professional reviews.

A system that gathers and analyzes data on hospital costs to determine if they are reasonable and if similar services could be provided more efficiently.

Social surveys help understand patient satisfaction and public perception of a hospital. They are conducted through questionnaires given to patients, their families, and visitors.

The initial step in evaluating hospital services involves defining the purpose and scope of the evaluation. This means clearly stating what aspects will be considered, such as technical or administrative considerations, effectiveness, or efficiency. It helps set the boundaries and focus of the evaluation.

The second step in evaluating hospital services requires a detailed description of the hospital's system and operations. This involves outlining the hospital's objectives, how these objectives are achieved, the steps and activities involved, and the costs associated with each activity. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the hospital's operational process.

To measure the success of a hospital's services, the evaluation process requires criteria to judge how well the hospital achieves its objectives. Indices are tools or measuring devices used to assess the achievement of an objective or set of objectives. A criterion defines the threshold on the measuring scale that determines success or failure. For accurate measurement, the index should be specific, sensitive, and reliable. For example, a hospital might use patient satisfaction scores as an index to measure the quality of care provided. The criterion for success could be an average satisfaction score of 4 out of 5.

Step four in the evaluation process involves planning and executing a study to gather information about the hospital's services. This might involve methods like observations, interviews, reviewing documents and records, or even conducting surveys. The study's design and methods have to be well-planned to ensure that the gathered data is relevant and reliable.

The final step in the evaluation process involves reporting the results of the study. The report should include a summary of the facts, conclusions drawn from the findings, and any recommendations for improvements. Recommendations might include suggesting alternative strategies or changing current procedures based on the study's results.

One tool for evaluating hospitals is conducting inspections. These inspections are conducted by administrative medical officers or consultants. While they provide subjective information, they are useful for identifying areas for improvement, such as deficiencies in hospital operations or established standards.

Regular reports and returns from different areas of hospital operations provide valuable data for monitoring progress. This data helps assess whether the situation is improving, deteriorating, or remaining stable.

Statistical quality control (SQC) involves using statistical methods to analyze data collected from hospital operations. It helps identify and address areas where processes are not performing as expected, leading to improvements in quality and efficiency.