175 Questions
Which one of the following best describes efficiency in management?
The use of minimal resources to produce the desired volume of output
Which one of the following best describes effectiveness in management?
The degree to which an organization achieves a stated goal
Which one of the following is NOT a function of management?
Leading
Which of the following behaviors falls under the category of people-oriented behavior?
Consideration
Which management style reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production?
Middle-of-the-road management
Which type of power refers to the authority to punish or recommend punishment?
Coercive power
Which element is recognized in the strategic approach to human resource management?
All of the above
Which one of these is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
Effective goals must be challenging but realistic
What is the purpose of contingency planning according to the text?
To define company responses to emergencies
What is the primary distinction between management and leadership according to the text?
Leadership promotes stability and order
What are the two basic leadership behaviors identified as important for leadership according to the text?
Attention to tasks and people
Which of the following skills refers to the ability to work effectively as a group member and to work with and through other people?
Human skills
Which of the following skills refers to the understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks?
Technical skills
Which of the following environments includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization?
External environment
Which of the following refers to the uncertainty that managers face when they do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes?
Environment uncertainty
Which of the following is a key component of goal-setting theory?
Goal specificity
According to the text, what does the equity theory focus on?
Individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others
What is the main focus of reinforcement theory?
The relationship between behavior and its consequences
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To maintain an effective workforce
Which one of the following is a key function of management?
Planning
Which of the following best describes efficiency in management?
The use of minimal resources to produce the desired volume of output
Which one of the following skills refers to the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts?
Conceptual skills
Which of the following best describes effectiveness in management?
The degree to which organization achieves a stated goal
Which one of the following is NOT a function of management?
Motivating
Which one of the following refers to the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals?
Leading
Which type of skills refers to the ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member?
Human skills
What does the term 'environment uncertainty' mean according to the text?
The lack of information about environmental factors
What is the purpose of a formal mission in an organization according to the text?
To define the basic purpose of the organization
What do strategic goals in an organization pertain to according to the text?
The organization as a whole
What do tactical goals in an organization refer to according to the text?
The major actions the division must take
What do operational plans in an organization identify according to the text?
The specific procedures or processes needed at lower levels
Which one of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
Goals must be specific and measurable
Which of the following approaches helps organizations cope with unexpected events?
Contingency planning
What is the primary distinction between management and leadership according to the text?
Management promotes stability and order, while leadership promotes vision and change
Which one of the following is NOT a limitation of planning according to the text?
Goals and plans are a guide to action
What are the two basic leadership behaviors identified as important for leadership according to the text?
Attention to tasks and attention to people
Which one of the following is NOT a benefit of planning according to the text?
Goals and plans create a false sense of certainty
According to the text, which of the following is a key component of goal-setting theory?
Feedback
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To enhance productivity
According to the text, what does the equity theory focus on?
The perception of fairness in treatment compared to others
According to the text, which of the following skills refers to the ability to work effectively as a group member and to work with and through other people?
Human skills
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management focuses on tasks, while leadership focuses on people
According to the text, which of the following environments includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization?
General environment
Which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management?
Employees are viewed as assets
What is the primary distinction between legitimate power and reward power?
Legitimate power refers to the authority to bestow rewards on other people, while reward power refers to power coming from a formal management position
Which leadership style often is considered the most effective and is recommended for leaders because organization members work together to accomplish tasks?
Team management
What is the primary focus of transactional leaders?
To clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates
Which type of power comes from an individual’s personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect, and admiration?
Referent power
What is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called?
Power
Which of the following is an example of a personal power according to the text?
Expert power
What is the primary focus of transactional leaders according to the text?
Task behavior
Which of the following is a form of position power used by managers to change employee behavior according to the text?
Coercive power
What are the two major behaviors identified as important for effective leadership according to the text?
Consideration and initiating structure
Which one of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders according to the text?
Innovative
What is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called according to the text?
Position power
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
Goals must have a defined time period
What is the purpose of contingency planning according to the text?
To develop company responses to emergencies
Which one of the following best describes effectiveness in management?
Achieving goals efficiently
Which of the following approaches helps organizations cope with unexpected events?
Contingency planning
Which one of the following is a benefit of planning according to the text?
Providing a source of motivation and commitment
Which one of the following is NOT a limitation of planning according to the text?
Promoting stability and order
Which of the following is NOT a key function of management?
Planning
Which one of the following best describes efficiency in management?
The use of minimal resources to produce the desired output
Which one of the following is a trade-off that companies have to make according to the text?
Higher efficiency at the cost of effectiveness
What is the purpose of controlling in management according to the text?
Monitoring employees' activities
Which type of power comes from an individual's personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect, and admiration?
Referent power
Which one of the following skills refers to the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts?
Conceptual skills
According to the text, which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management?
Hiring and retaining the right people
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To increase productivity
According to the text, which of the following skills refers to the ability to work effectively as a group member and to work with and through other people?
Interpersonal skills
According to the text, what does the equity theory focus on?
Perceptions of fairness in treatment
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management focuses on tasks, while leadership focuses on people
According to the text, what is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called?
Referent power
According to the text, what is the purpose of a formal mission in an organization?
To define the basic purpose of the organization
Which one of the following best describes strategic goals?
Broad statements describing where the organization wants to be in the future
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management focuses on efficiency, while leadership focuses on effectiveness
According to the text, what do tactical goals in an organization refer to?
The major actions a division must take to fulfill its part in the strategic plan
According to the text, which of the following skills refers to the ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member?
Human skills
According to the text, what does the term 'environment uncertainty' mean?
Managers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes
Which of the following is NOT a function of management?
Planning
What is the purpose of controlling in management?
To monitor and make corrections
Which one of the following best describes efficiency in management?
The use of minimal resources to produce the desired volume of output
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, while leadership involves motivating and inspiring
According to the text, what does the term 'environment uncertainty' mean?
The uncertainty that managers face when they do not have sufficient information about environmental factors
Which of the following skills refers to the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts?
Conceptual skills
Which of the following leadership styles is characterized by a primary emphasis on people rather than work outputs?
Country club management
Which type of power refers to the authority to punish or recommend punishment?
Coercive power
Which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management?
All of the above
Which leadership approach focuses on bringing about high levels of commitment and enthusiasm by recognizing follower's needs and concerns and challenging them to look at old problems in new ways?
Transformational leadership
Which type of power results from a person's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks being performed?
Expert power
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following theories focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others?
Equity theory
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To increase productivity
Which of the following is a key component of goal-setting theory?
All of the above
According to the text, what is the most popular process theory of motivation?
Goal-setting theory
Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing a perceived inequity according to the text?
Distort perceptions
Which of the following is a subfield that specifically addresses the added complexity that results from coordination and managing diverse people on a global scale?
IHRM
According to the text, which of the following skills refers to the understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks?
Technical skills
According to the text, what is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called?
Referent power
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management focuses on efficiency, while leadership focuses on effectiveness.
According to the text, what does the equity theory focus on?
The relationship between rewards and satisfaction.
Which of the following environments includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization?
The external environment
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To improve employee performance.
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
Goals must cover key result areas.
What is the purpose of contingency planning according to the text?
To define company responses to be taken in case of emergencies, setbacks or unexpected conditions.
Which one of the following is a benefit of planning according to the text?
Planning guides resource allocation.
Which of the following approaches helps organizations cope with unexpected events?
Contingency planning
According to the text, what does crisis planning enable firms to do?
Cope with unexpected events that have the potential to destroy the organization.
What is the primary distinction between management and leadership according to the text?
Management promotes stability and order, while leadership promotes vision and change.
Which of the following behaviors falls in the category of people-oriented behavior and is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust?
Consideration
Which of the following behaviors refers to the degree of task behavior and the extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinate work activities towards goal attainment?
Initiating structure
Which management style often occurs when the primary emphasis is given to people rather than to work outputs?
Country club management
Which management style reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production?
Middle-of-the-road management
Which type of power refers to the authority to punish or recommend punishment?
Coercive power
Which type of power comes from a person's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks being performed?
Expert power
Which of the following best describes efficiency in management?
The use of minimal resources to produce the desired volume of output
What is the primary focus of transactional leaders according to the text?
Rewarding or punishing employees based on their performance
What are the two basic leadership behaviors identified as important for leadership according to the text?
People-oriented behavior and task-oriented behavior
Which one of the following best describes strategic goals?
Goals that define where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there
Which of the following skills refers to the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts?
Conceptual skills
Which type of power comes from an individual's personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect, and admiration?
Referent power
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
Goals must be challenging but realistic
What is the purpose of controlling in management according to the text?
To maintain stability and order
What is the primary focus of transactional leaders according to the text?
Promoting vision and change
What is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called according to the text?
Position power
Which one of the following is NOT a limitation of planning according to the text?
Guiding resource allocation
What is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others called?
Position power
According to the text, what are the current strategic issues of particular concern to managers in HRM?
All of the above
According to the text, what is the purpose of the International Human Resource Management (IHRM) subfield?
To address the added complexity that results from coordination and managing diverse people on a global scale
According to the text, what is motivation in the context of HRM?
The forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action
According to the text, what does the Hierarchy of Needs Theory propose?
People are motivated by multiple needs that exist in a hierarchical order
According to the text, what does the Equity Theory focus on?
Individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others
According to the text, what is the primary focus of transactional leaders?
Increasing productivity through reinforcement
According to the text, what are technical skills?
The understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks
What is the purpose of a formal mission in an organization according to the text?
To define the basic purpose of the organization for external audiences
What is the difference between the external environment and the general environment according to the text?
The external environment includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization, while the general environment mostly affects organizations indirectly
What are tactical goals/plans according to the text?
The major actions the division must take to fulfill its part in the strategic plan
What is the purpose of motivation in the workplace according to the text?
To influence the behavior of employees to achieve organizational goals
What are strategic goals according to the text?
The broad statements describing where the organization wants to be in the future
Which of the following leadership styles reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production?
Middle-of-the-road management
Which of the following is a type of power that comes from an individual's personal characteristics that command others' identification, respect, and admiration?
Referent power
Which of the following is NOT a form of position power used by managers to change employee behavior?
Personal power
Which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management?
Both A and B
Which of the following theories focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others?
Equity theory
Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders according to the text?
They inspire followers to believe in their own potential
Which one of the following is NOT a function of management?
Controlling
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between management and leadership?
Management focuses on achieving goals, while leadership focuses on influencing people
Which of the following skills refers to the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationships among its parts?
Conceptual skills
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To achieve organizational goals
Which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management?
Planning
Which one of the following refers to the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals?
Leading
Which one of the following is a key element of the task environment according to the text?
Competitors
According to the text, what is the purpose of a well-defined mission in an organization?
To serve as the basis for development of all subsequent goals and plans
What do strategic goals in an organization pertain to according to the text?
The organization as a whole
According to the text, what are technical skills?
The understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks
Which one of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders according to the text?
They challenge followers to look at old problems in new ways
According to the text, what is the primary distinction between legitimate power and reward power?
Legitimate power comes from a person's position in the organization, while reward power comes from a person's ability to provide rewards
According to the text, what is the purpose of motivation in the workplace?
To increase productivity and achieve organizational goals
According to the text, what are the two factors in the two-factor theory of motivation?
Hygiene factors and motivators
According to the text, what is equity theory?
A theory that focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared with others
According to the text, what is goal-setting theory?
A theory that proposes setting specific, challenging goals to increase motivation
According to the text, what is reinforcement theory?
A theory that looks at the relationship between behavior and its consequences
According to the text, what is the primary focus of transactional leaders?
Maintaining the status quo and ensuring tasks are completed
Which of the following is a key characteristic of operational goals according to the text?
They are stated in quantitative terms
What is the purpose of contingency planning according to the text?
To define company responses to emergencies
Which of the following is a limitation of planning according to the text?
It can create a false sense of certainty
What is the primary distinction between management and leadership according to the text?
Management promotes stability and order, while leadership promotes vision and change
What is the purpose of motivation in the workplace according to the text?
To provide a source of motivation and commitment
Which of the following is a key element of the strategic approach to Human Resource Management according to the text?
Attention to people
Which of the following is a limitation of planning according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following is a benefit of planning according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following approaches helps organizations cope with unexpected events according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of effective goals according to the text?
All of the above
Which of the following is a primary distinction between management and leadership according to the text?
Management promotes stability and order within the existing organizational structure and systems
What are the two basic leadership behaviors identified as important for leadership according to the text?
Attention to tasks and attention to people
Study Notes
Management and Leadership in Organizations
- Management is the process of achieving organizational goals through effective and efficient planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of resources.
- Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization achieves its goals, while efficiency is the use of minimal resources to produce desired output.
- Planning involves setting goals and determining the resources needed to achieve them.
- Organizing entails assigning tasks, grouping them into departments, and allocating resources.
- Leading involves motivating employees and creating a shared culture and values.
- Controlling involves monitoring activities and making corrections as necessary.
- Conceptual skills involve understanding the organization as a whole and its relationship to the external environment.
- Human skills involve working effectively with and through other people.
- Technical skills involve proficiency in specific tasks.
- The external environment includes competitors, resources, technology, and economic conditions.
- The general environment consists of social, economic, legal-political, international, natural, and technological factors.
- The task environment includes sectors that directly influence the organization's operations and performance.
- Goals and plans are socially constructed and can be set at different levels - mission, strategic, tactical, and operational.
Test your knowledge on organizational goals and plans in this quiz! Learn about the difference between tactical and operational goals, and understand how these goals are crucial for the success of middle management and the overall organization. Challenge yourself to grasp the concepts of strategic execution and the importance of measurable operational plans.
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