Organizational Behavior Chapter 2

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major forms of workplace diversity?

Cognitive and emotional diversity

Surface-level and deep-level diversity (correct)

Demographic and experiential diversity

Cultural and functional diversity

How does workplace discrimination affect organizational effectiveness?

It enhances team cohesion and productivity.

It leads to greater employee turnover and dissatisfaction. (correct)

It fosters innovation and creativity among employees.

It improves the overall company reputation.

Which biographical characteristic is relevant to Organizational Behavior?

Length of employment history

Ability to work in teams

Age and gender (correct)

Personal interests and hobbies

What does stereotype threat describe?

The internalization of negative stereotypes affecting performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which differentiating characteristic can impact Organizational Behavior?

Social class or economic status Signup and view all the answers

How can organizations effectively manage diversity?

By promoting individual differences and fostering inclusion. Signup and view all the answers

What factor does not affect job performance according to the studies mentioned?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is a persistent issue faced by women in the workforce compared to men?

Fewer professional opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not considered a biological characteristic in the context of organizational behavior?

Education level Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the aging workforce is true?

Older workers have lower rates of absenteeism. Signup and view all the answers

How do employees generally evaluate colleagues of their own race?

More favorably Signup and view all the answers

What does the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission classify as a disability?

Any physical or mental impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about sex differences in the workplace?

There are no consistent differences in core competencies. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is often observed regarding African Americans in employment decisions?

They generally fare worse than Whites. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'exclusion' refer to in the context of workplace discrimination?

Exclusion from job opportunities and informal mentoring Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates the concept of incivility in the workplace?

Male attorneys frequently interrupting female counterparts Signup and view all the answers

What is a common claim made by women in finance regarding workplace discrimination?

They are assigned to marginal job roles Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior would likely NOT be classified as incivility in the workplace?

Providing constructive feedback to improve performance Signup and view all the answers

How do some female lawyers report being treated by their male counterparts?

They often face interruptions and lack of recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about workplace discrimination is correct?

Incivility can be a form of modern discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies discrimination based on exclusion?

A manager discusses promotions with only a select few employees Signup and view all the answers

What can be an outcome of workplace incivility?

Lower performance and higher turnover rates Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between tenure and employee productivity?

Tenure is a good predictor of employee productivity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a hidden disability?

Vision enhancements Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of employees with disabilities is highlighted in their performance evaluations?

They tend to receive higher performance evaluations. Signup and view all the answers

Federal law in the U.S. provides protection against discrimination based on which factor?

Religion Signup and view all the answers

Which types of abilities are distinguished in the context of organizational behavior?

Intellectual and physical abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that organizations must respond to employees with disabilities?

Provide accommodations for a broad range of impairments. Signup and view all the answers

How do many Fortune 500 companies address discrimination based on sexual orientation?

They include sexual orientation in their non-discrimination policies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of intellectual abilities?

They include capabilities related to thinking and problem solving. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ability associated with number aptitude?

Ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of intellectual ability involves understanding relationships between words?

Verbal comprehension Signup and view all the answers

What skill is most important for a fire investigator when identifying clues to support a charge of arson?

Perceptual speed Signup and view all the answers

Which job is best exemplified by the need for deductive reasoning?

Supervisor Signup and view all the answers

An interior decorator primarily utilizes which dimension of intellectual ability?

Spatial visualization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following abilities is directly related to a market researcher's tasks?

Inductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

For a salesperson, which ability is crucial for retaining and recalling client information?

Memory Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines the dimension of inductive reasoning?

Ability to identify sequences in a set of data Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Workplace Diversity

Two major forms of workplace diversity: visible (such as race, gender) and invisible (such as thoughts, experiences).
Effective management of diversity enhances organizational performance and employee satisfaction.

Workplace Discrimination and Organizational Effectiveness

Discrimination involves unfair treatment based on stereotypes, which can harm both employees and the organization.
Stereotype threat occurs when individuals internalize negative stereotypes about their group, impacting their performance.
Exclusion limits access to job opportunities and professional advancement, notably affecting women in finance.
Incivility includes disrespectful behaviors that create a hostile work environment, impacting female employees the most.

Biographical Characteristics and Organizational Behavior

Biological characteristics, like age and sex, influence workplace dynamics and can be sources of discrimination.
The workforce is aging, with older workers demonstrating lower turnover and absenteeism rates, countering assumptions about their productivity.
Gender disparities persist with women often earning less and having fewer opportunities despite no significant differences in abilities.
Racial and ethnic discrimination remains prevalent, with biases affecting evaluations, promotions, and job prospects.
Individuals classified as disabled may receive higher evaluations but often face lower expectations.
Hidden disabilities include various impairments that require organizational accommodation and support.

Other Characteristics and Organizational Behavior

Tenure positively correlates with productivity, indicating that longer-serving employees typically perform better.
U.S. law prohibits religious discrimination; however, challenges persist, particularly for Muslims.
Discrimination based on sexual orientation is not federally protected, although many companies adopt inclusive policies.
Recognition and accommodation of cultural identities is crucial in fostering diverse workplace environments.

Intellectual and Physical Abilities in Organizational Behavior

Abilities are essential for job performance, categorized into intellectual and physical abilities.
Intellectual abilities are critical for cognitive tasks like thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
General mental ability encompasses various dimensions, indicating an individual’s overall intelligence.
Intellectual abilities dimensions include:
- Number aptitude: Quick and accurate arithmetic.
- Verbal comprehension: Understanding spoken and written language.
- Perceptual speed: Identifying visual similarities/differences accurately.
- Inductive reasoning: Recognizing patterns and solving problems logically.
- Deductive reasoning: Analyzing arguments and making logical assessments.
- Spatial visualization: Envisioning spatial changes and their impacts.
- Memory: Retaining and recalling past events and information.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 2 of 'Organizational Behavior', which examines diversity in organizations. It covers the two major forms of workplace diversity, the implications of workplace discrimination on organizational effectiveness, and key biographical characteristics impacting diversity. Test your understanding of these important concepts!