Organization of Animal Bodies: Tissues and Organ Systems

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What is the primary function of epithelial cells?

To provide structural support to the body
To store nutrients and energy for the body
To facilitate the transmission of nerve impulses
To form a selective barrier and regulate what enters and leaves the body (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

It forms a selective barrier
It provides structural support to the body (correct)
It can regenerate in wound healing
It is replaced constantly

What is the term for the process by which vertebrate glands are formed?

Invagination (correct)
Meiosis
Differentiation
Mitosis

How many principal organ systems are found in the vertebrate body?

11 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of cells that form a structural and functional unit?

Organ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of organs that collectively perform a function?

Organ system (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many different cell types are found in the human body?

210 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surface of the epithelium that is attached to underlying connective tissue?

Basal surface (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three fundamental embryonic tissues called?

Endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the membrane that attaches epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissues?

Fibrous membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of simple squamous epithelium that allows for diffusion?

Its delicate nature (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue contains a large amount of ground substance and is strengthened by protein fibers?

Loose connective tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of elastin in connective tissue?

To make tissue elastic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?

Cardiac muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

To integrate and interpret input (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is characterized by the presence of goblet cells?

Simple columnar epithelium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

The presence or absence of a duct (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chondrocytes in cartilage?

To live within lacunae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is composed of neurons and neuroglia?

Nerve tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for defending the body from invaders?

Immune system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

To form a barrier against attack (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of negative feedback mechanisms?

To maintain homeostasis by keeping values within a range (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antagonistic effectors in negative feedback loops?

To act in opposite directions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical Q10 value for most organisms?

Around 2 to 3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between endotherms and ectotherms?

Their body temperature regulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in body temperature?

Fever (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

To control body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the lowered metabolic state associated with dormancy?

Torpor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of fluids?

Convection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the generation of heat when temperature falls below a critical level?

Thermogenesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of dense regular connective tissue that distinguishes it from dense irregular connective tissue?

Parallel alignment of collagen fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

Support and regulation of neuronal environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cartilage that allows it to have great tensile strength?

Presence of glycoprotein and collagen fibers in parallel arrays (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the musculoskeletal system in vertebrates?

Skeletal support and movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of simple cuboidal epithelium that distinguishes it from simple columnar epithelium?

Found in kidney tubules and several glands (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine glands in vertebrates?

Secretion of hormones into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal surface of epithelial tissue?

To attach to underlying connective tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of epithelial tissue that allows it to regenerate in wound healing?

Its ability to constantly replace cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of cells that form a structural and functional unit in the vertebrate body?

Organ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the apical surface of epithelial tissue?

To facilitate the exchange of substances with the environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which vertebrate glands are formed from epithelial tissue?

Invagination (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of stratified epithelial tissue that distinguishes it from simple epithelial tissue?

The presence of multiple cell layers (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a negative feedback loop, what is the primary function of an integration center?

To integrate signals and make a response decision (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why endotherms have a higher metabolic rate than ectotherms?

To generate heat internally (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus regulate body temperature in mammals?

By controlling metabolic rate and blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a positive feedback mechanism?

To enhance a change in a particular direction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an endotherm's and an ectotherm's thermoregulation strategy?

Endotherms generate heat internally, while ectotherms conform to ambient temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of radiation in heat transfer?

To transfer heat through electromagnetic waves (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a high Q10 value on enzymatic reactions?

It increases the rate of enzymatic reactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thermogenesis in endotherms?

To generate heat internally when temperature falls below a critical level (C) Signup and view all the answers