CLASS 3 SCIENCE: OUR ENVIRONMENT

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a living thing?

  • Habitat
  • Organism (correct)
  • Community
  • Population

What are bacteria, fungi, and algae examples of?

  • Populations
  • Microorganisms (correct)
  • Large organisms
  • Habitats

What defines a population?

  • Different organisms sharing a habitat
  • Organisms of the same kind living together (correct)
  • Organisms depending on each other
  • All living things

What is the size of a population?

<p>The number of organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when many organisms live together in the same habitat?

<p>A community (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural place where a group of organisms live called?

<p>Habitat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a habitat?

<p>Arctic region for polar bears (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all the populations living in a habitat depend on one another for?

<p>To survive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a food chain describe?

<p>How each living thing gets its food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all food chains begin with?

<p>Plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the environment of an organism made up of?

<p>All factors affecting its survival (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plants need to make food?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is soil important for plant growth?

<p>It supplies water and mineral salts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are harmful substances released into the air, water, and land called?

<p>Pollutants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is a way to control pollution?

<p>Plant trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of a 'community' broader than that of a 'population'?

<p>A community encompasses multiple populations interacting within a habitat, whereas a population is a single species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the interdependence between plants and animals demonstrate a cycle within an environment?

<p>Plants release oxygen used by animals, while animals release carbon dioxide used by plants, representing a gas exchange cycle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the removal of a keystone species, such as a top predator, impact a food chain?

<p>The population of the top predator’s prey increases, potentially leading to overgrazing or depletion of resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine a scenario where a new housing development is built near a forest. What might be a direct consequence on the forest habitat?

<p>Habitat fragmentation, reducing the available space and resources for the forest's organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a farmer excessively uses fertilizers on their crops, what could be a potential downstream effect on a nearby aquatic habitat?

<p>Algal blooms leading to decreased oxygen levels, harming fish and other aquatic organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a drought in an area primarily affect the interactions within a community?

<p>Increased competition for limited water resources, potentially leading to population declines for some species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does planting trees help in controlling air pollution?

<p>Trees absorb pollutants like carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a factory releases chemical waste into a local river. Which of the following is the most likely consequence for organisms in that river?

<p>Harm or death to sensitive species, disrupting the river ecosystem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does using public transportation over personal vehicles help control pollution?

<p>It decreases the total number of vehicles on the road, thereby reducing overall emissions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced ecosystem, what role do decomposers (like bacteria and fungi) play?

<p>They break down dead organisms, returning nutrients to the soil. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a micro-organism from other organisms?

<p>Micro-organisms can only be seen under a microscope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pollutants released into the air?

<p>Pollutants in the air affect our health and the survival of other organisms in the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can humans reduce packaging waste to control pollution?

<p>By encouraging people to reduce packaging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason that soil is crucial for many land-based plants?

<p>It provides support and a source of water and nutrients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A population of deer lives in a forest. If a large number of trees are cut down, what is the most likely immediate effect on the deer population?

<p>The deer population would likely decrease due to habitat loss and reduced food availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants, animals, and human beings are called organisms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A population is a group of different kinds of organisms living together.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of organisms in a population is called the size of the civilization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community is formed when many different populations share a habitat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A habitat provides living things with only food and water to survive

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms in a habitat are independent and don't rely on each other.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All food chains begin with plants.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment of an organism includes only living organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants do not need carbon dioxide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pollution occurs when harmless substances are released into the environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community consists of multiple populations sharing the same habitat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Populations in a habitat are independent of each other for survival.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A food chain illustrates the transfer of nitrogen from one organism to another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms exclude bacteria, fungi and algae.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment of an organism includes only non-living factors like air and water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The size of a population refers to the geographic area it occupies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arctic region is a typical habitat for earthworms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants depend on animals for oxygen during photosynthesis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reusing old items can help exacerbate pollution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smoke from cigarettes contains substances harmful only to smokers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants, animals and human beings are also called ______.

<p>organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a group of organisms of the same kind that live together at the same time in a particular place.

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many organisms that live together in the same habitat form a ______.

<p>community</p> Signup and view all the answers

The place where a group of organisms live is called a ______.

<p>habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

All the populations living in a habitat ______ on one another to survive, and are interdependent.

<p>depend</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ chain shows how each living thing gets its food.

<p>food</p> Signup and view all the answers

All food chains begin with ______.

<p>plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

The environment of an organism includes all living organisms and air, water, and land ( ______ ).

<p>soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

Our environment becomes ______ when harmful substances are released into the air, the water, and the land.

<p>polluted</p> Signup and view all the answers

To control pollution each of us should plant as many ______ and other plants as possible in our gardens, parks and schools.

<p>trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ______ is defined as any living thing, whether it's a massive elephant or a microscopic bacterium.

<p>organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is a group of organisms of the same species living together in a particular place, with its size determined by the number of individuals.

<p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is formed when various populations of different species share the same environment, indicating a complex web of interactions.

<p>community</p> Signup and view all the answers

The natural environment where a group of organisms lives, providing essential elements like air, water, food, shelter, and protection, is called a ______.

<p>habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] among organisms occurs because all populations in a habitat rely on each other for survival.

<p>interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ illustrates how energy and nutrients are transferred from one organism to another, starting with plants.

<p>food chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors surrounding an organism, which collectively influence its survival

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank], a mixture of gases with water droplets and dust, is essential for the survival of both plants and animals.

<p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

[Blank] is vital for organisms because plants use it to make food, and animals need it to quench their thirst.

<p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

When harmful substances are released into the air, water, and land, our environment becomes ______.

<p>polluted</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of organisms of the same kind living together in the same place called?

<p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one thing that all living things need to survive.

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the place where a group of organisms lives called?

<p>Habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call harmful substances released into the environment that cause pollution?

<p>Pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth called?

<p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do plants use to make food?

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a micro-organism.

<p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do food chains always begin with?

<p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plants and animals need to breathe?

<p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when populations in a habitat depend on each other to survive?

<p>Interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the removal of a keystone species from a community can drastically alter the habitat and affect the interdependence of the remaining organisms.

<p>A keystone species plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and balance of an ecological community. Its removal can lead to a trophic cascade, affecting population sizes, resource availability, and even physical aspects of the habitat, destabilizing the entire ecosystem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the potential long-term consequences of introducing a non-native species into an environment with a stable, interconnected food web.

<p>Introducing a non-native species can disrupt the existing food web by outcompeting native species for resources, preying on them, or introducing diseases. This can lead to declines in native populations, habitat degradation, and altered ecosystem functions, potentially causing irreversible damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how deforestation contributes to both air and soil pollution, detailing the specific mechanisms involved.

<p>Deforestation leads to air pollution by reducing the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, and by releasing stored carbon during burning. It causes soil pollution by increasing erosion, leading to sedimentation of waterways and loss of soil nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the complex relationship between human activities and the increasing levels of pollutants in different ecosystems, focusing on specific examples.

<p>Human activities such as industrial processes, agriculture, and transportation release pollutants into the environment. Industrial emissions contribute to air pollution and acid rain; agricultural runoff introduces excess nutrients into waterways, causing eutrophication; and vehicle emissions generate smog and greenhouse gases, impacting ecosystems globally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyze how climate change can exacerbate the effects of existing environmental pollutants on vulnerable ecosystems.

<p>Climate change amplifies the effects of pollution by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and causing ocean acidification. These changes can weaken ecosystems' resilience to pollutants, leading to greater harm and potentially irreversible damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of decomposers in an ecosystem and explain what would happen if decomposers disappeared.

<p>Decomposers break down dead organisms and waste, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. Without them, nutrients would remain locked in dead matter, disrupting nutrient cycles, slowing plant growth, and causing the accumulation of dead organic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the concept of biomagnification impacts the organisms at the top of a food chain.

<p>Biomagnification is the process where pollutants become more concentrated in organisms at each successive trophic level in a food chain. Top predators accumulate higher concentrations of toxins because they consume many prey items containing lower concentrations, leading to potential health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the introduction of a new predator can affect the population of other organisms in a habitat. Provide an example.

<p>The introduction of a new predator can drastically reduce the population of its prey, potentially leading to a trophic cascade affecting lower trophic levels. For example, introducing foxes to an island can decimate bird populations, which in turn impacts insect populations and plant communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Contrast the impact of biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants on ecosystems and propose solutions for managing each type of pollution.

<p>Biodegradable pollutants can be broken down by natural processes, posing a temporary pollution problem if released in large quantities. Non-biodegradable pollutants persist in the environment for long periods, accumulating in organisms and causing chronic effects. Managing biodegradable pollution involves optimizing waste treatment processes, while non-biodegradable pollution requires reducing their production and implementing stricter disposal methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how a symbiotic relationship can affect how species responds to changes in their environment, like pollution or climate change.

<p>Symbiotic relationships can either buffer or exacerbate a species' response to environmental change. If a species is reliant on a sensitive symbiotic partner, like coral and algae, it becomes more vulnerable to pollution. If a species has a symbiotic partner that helps it source nutrients or defend against environmental stressors, then it can increase a species tolerance to an environment change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the removal of a keystone species, such as a top predator, can drastically alter an ecosystem's structure and function, providing a specific example.

<p>The removal can lead to a trophic cascade, where the populations of lower trophic levels increase unchecked, leading to overconsumption of resources. This can simplify the ecosystem, reducing biodiversity and altering habitat structure. For example, the removal of sea otters leads to sea urchin overpopulation, which decimates kelp forests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of biomagnification and explain why top predators are most vulnerable to the effects of persistent pollutants such as mercury or DDT?

<p>Biomagnification is the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain. Top predators consume many organisms from lower trophic levels, accumulating higher concentrations of the pollutant in their bodies, leading to toxic effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does habitat fragmentation impact gene flow within a population, and what are the potential consequences for the long-term survival of the species?

<p>Fragmentation reduces gene flow by creating isolated subpopulations, limiting the movement of individuals and the exchange of genetic material. This can lead to reduced genetic diversity, increased inbreeding, and a higher risk of local extinction due to reduced adaptive capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between primary and secondary ecological succession, highlighting the conditions necessary for each to occur.

<p>Primary succession begins in lifeless areas (e.g., bare rock) where soil formation is necessary before plants can colonize. Secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed but retain soil (e.g., after a fire), allowing for faster re-establishment of vegetation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how the concept of carrying capacity relates to population growth, and what factors can cause a population to exceed its carrying capacity?

<p>Carrying capacity is the maximum population size that an environment can sustain given available resources. Factors like temporary increases in resource availability, reduced predation, or the introduction of invasive species can cause a population to exceed its carrying capacity, often leading to a subsequent population crash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the introduction of an invasive species can disrupt established food webs and potentially lead to the decline or extinction of native species.

<p>Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, prey on them directly, or alter the habitat in ways that are detrimental to native species. This can disrupt established food webs by altering predator-prey relationships and resource availability, leading to the decline or extinction of vulnerable native species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of decomposers in an ecosystem, and explain why they are essential for nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility?

<p>Decomposers (e.g., bacteria, fungi) break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil. This process is essential for nutrient cycling because it makes nutrients available to plants, which are the base of most food chains. Without decomposers, nutrients would remain locked in dead organisms, limiting plant growth and overall ecosystem productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how climate change is affecting species distributions and community composition, providing examples of observed or predicted changes.

<p>Climate change is causing species to shift their ranges towards cooler or higher elevation areas. This can alter community composition as species with different climate tolerances move into or out of an area. For example, warm-water fish species are expanding their ranges poleward, impacting native fish populations in cooler waters. Also, plants and animals are emerging earlier in the spring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does deforestation contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss, and what are some potential strategies for mitigating these impacts?

<p>Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration, releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. It also destroys habitats, leading to biodiversity loss. Mitigation strategies include reforestation, sustainable forest management practices, and reducing demand for products that drive deforestation (e.g., palm oil, beef).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent factors that regulate population size, providing examples of each and explaining how their effects vary with population density.

<p>Density-dependent factors (e.g., competition, predation, disease) have stronger effects as population density increases, leading to increased mortality or reduced reproduction. Density-independent factors (e.g., natural disasters, weather) affect population size regardless of density. For example, a disease outbreak spreads more rapidly in a dense population, while a flood impacts populations regardless of their size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Organism

A living thing, either large (e.g., elephant) or microscopic (e.g., bacteria).

Population

A group of organisms of the same species living together in a specific place.

Community

Many different populations sharing the same environment.

Habitat

The place where a group of organisms lives, providing air, water, food, shelter and protection.

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Interdependence among Organisms

The dependence of all populations in a habitat on one another for survival.

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Food Chain

Shows how each living thing gets its food, starting with plants.

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Environment

All the factors in an organism's surroundings that affect its survival.

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Air

The mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth, including water droplets, ice crystals and dust.

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Water

A substance essential for the survival of organisms, used for various life processes.

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Soil

A component of land important for plant growth, providing water and mineral salts.

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Pollution

The contamination of air, water, and land with harmful substances.

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Pollutants

Harmful substances released into the air, water, and land that cause pollution.

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Cause of pollution

Releasing harmful sustances into air, water, and land

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Size of population

The number of organisms in a population.

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Water bodies

Natural areas, like oceans, providing habitats for plants/animals.

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Environmental pollution

When harmful substances are released into our air, water, and land (soil).

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Plant trees

Planting trees and plants in gardens, parks and schools.

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Less waste

Reducing packaging use and reusing old things.

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Reduce using vehicles

Using public transport instead of driving personal cars.

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Dispose of waste properly

Not dumping garbage, human waste or chemical waste on the ground or into bodies of water.

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Less wood

In villages, avoid burning coals and wood to cook food.

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Air pollution

Harmful substances such as smoke and gases, when released into the air, causing harm to the environment.

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Photosynthesis

The process used by plants to create food, using light from the sun.

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What are pollutants?

Harmful substances that contaminate air, water, and land.

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Population Size

The number of organisms within a population.

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Reduce Vehicle Use

Using public transport, instead of personal cars, to reduce emissions.

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Proper Waste Disposal

Avoiding disposal of garbage, human waste, and chemical waste on the ground or into bodies of water.

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Why plant trees

The practice of planting trees and other plants to improve the environment.

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How to create Less waste

Reducing packaging use and finding new uses for old items instead of throwing them away.

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How to reduce vehicle use

Using public transportation or alternative modes of transport instead of personal cars to decrease gas emissions.

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Best way to dispose of waste

Avoiding the dumping of trash, human waste, or chemical waste on the ground or into bodies of water.

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Using less Coal and wood

To avoid burning wood and coal to cook food because those practices harm the environment.

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Importance of air

Gases surrounding Earth crucial for plant/animal survival.

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Forest community

Plants, animals, and microorganisms in the forest.

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Animals and oxygen

The reliance of animals on plants for oxygen.

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Plants and carbon dioxide

Animals depend on plants for carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis.

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Animals need oxygen

The reliance of animals on plants for oxygen.

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Study Notes

  • Organisms include plants, animals, and human beings.

Organisms

  • Organisms can range in size, like an elephant, or be as tiny as bacteria that cannot be seen without a microscope.
  • Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, and algae.
  • Organisms usually live with members of their own kind.
  • An organism is a living thing.
  • Tiny organisms which can be seen only under a microscope are called microorganisms.

Population and Community

  • A population includes the total number of young and adult individuals living together, such as elephants.
  • Sometimes entire populations of organisms move together from one place to another.
  • A population is a group of organisms of the same kind that live together at the same time in a particular place.
  • The number of organisms in a population is called the size of the population.
  • Many organisms that live together in the same habitat form a community.
  • Different types of organisms usually share the same habitat.
  • Communities are made up of different groups of plants, animals, and microorganisms
  • Giraffe and deer belong to different groups but live together in a habitat and form a community.
  • A large variety of fish share the same habitat (river or ocean).
  • Bird populations also form communities.

Habitat

  • Habitats provide everything that living things need to survive.
  • Ponds serve as habitats for aquatic plants and animals.
  • The Arctic region is a habitat for polar bears, seals, and walruses.
  • Soil is a habitat for earthworms, rabbits, and snakes.
  • Forests are habitats for tigers and other wild animals.
  • The place where a group of organisms live is called a habitat.
  • Living things need air, water, food, shelter, and protection to live and survive.
  • Different plants and animals live in the same habitat.
  • Some animals eat plants, while some animals eat other animals.
  • All organisms depend on each other for their needs.

Interdependence among Organisms

  • Insects rely on grass for food, birds rely on insects, and insects rely on plants to live.
  • All the populations living in a habitat depend on one another to survive.
  • They are interdependent.
  • Animals also depend on plants for oxygen.
  • Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide which is need for photosynthesis.

Food Chain

  • The frog eats the grasshopper, getting a part of the energy stored in it.
  • Snakes get energy from frogs and other animals they eat.
  • Eagles can eat snakes within a food chain.
  • A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food.
  • All food chains begin with plants.
  • A food chain describes who eats whom.
  • Plants trap light from the sun to make food during photosynthesis.
  • The grasshopper eats the plant transferring some of the energy stored in plants.
  • Animals are dependent on plants and each other for food.

Our Environment

  • The environment includes all living organisms and air, water, and land (soil).
  • The environment of an organism is made up of all the factors in its surroundings which affect its survival.

Air

  • Air has water droplets, small ice crystals, and dust.
  • The Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases, known as air.
  • Plants and animals need air to breathe.
  • Without carbon dioxide, plants cannot make food.
  • Without oxygen, plants and animals cannot breathe.
  • Aquatic plants and animals get carbon dioxide and oxygen from the air dissolved in the water.

Water

  • Water bodies, such as oceans and rivers, are natural habitats for plants and animals.
  • When water is not available, animals and humans move to other areas for a supply of water, plants die in its absence.
  • Water is as important as air for the survival of organisms.
  • Plants need water to make their food during photosynthesis.
  • Animals need water to quench their thirst.
  • People use water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and watering plants.
  • Ponds are natural habitats for many animals and plants.

Land

  • Soil is important for the growth of plants because they get their water and mineral salts from it.
  • Soil on land is used for farming to produce grains, fruits, vegetables, cereals, and pulses.
  • Many plants and animals live on land.
  • Land is covered with soil.
  • Different types of soil are suitable for different plants.

Pollution

  • Releasing pollutants into the environment causes pollution.
  • Pollutants such as smoke and harmful gases, when released into air, cause air pollution.
  • Smoke from cigarettes contains many substances that are harmful for health and may cause lung cancer, even in non-smokers who breathe in the smoke of cigarettes.
  • The environment becomes polluted when harmful substances are released into the air, the water, and the land.
  • These harmful substances are called pollutants.
  • Pollution is caused by the release of these pollutants into the environment.
  • Pollutants in the air, water, and land affect our health and the survival of other organisms in the environment.
  • Many human activities have contributed to pollution.
  • Organisms cannot survive without air, water, and land (soil) but unfortunately these components of our environment have become polluted now.

Ways to Control Pollution

  • Each person should try to plant as many trees and other plants as possible in gardens, parks, and schools.
  • People should be encouraged to reduce packaging because it produces waste.
  • Reuse old items instead of throwing them away.
  • Public transport should be used instead of personal cars to reduce pollution.
  • Garbage, human waste, and chemical waste should not be dumped on the ground or into water bodies.
  • Burning coal and wood to cook food harms the environment and should be avoided.
  • Each person should try to plant as many trees and other plants as possible in gardens, parks, and schools.
  • Encourage people to reduce packaging because it produces waste.
  • We should also reuse old things instead of throwing them away as waste
  • Use public transport instead of using personal cars.
  • Avoid dumping garbage, human waste or chemical waste on the ground or into water bodies.
  • Such practices harm the environment and should be avoided in villages, where coals and wood are burned to cook food.

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