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Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of sludge in large wastewater treatment stations?
What is the primary use of biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of sludge in large wastewater treatment stations?
Fuel for boilers and internal combustion engines
What are the three main types of organic materials used to produce ethanol?
What are the three main types of organic materials used to produce ethanol?
Sugarcane and molasses, cassava, corn and potato, and wood or agricultural residues
What is the calorific value of ethanol?
What is the calorific value of ethanol?
7.13 kcal/g or 29.26 kJoule/g
What is the primary use of micro-algal production in aquacultural reuses?
What is the primary use of micro-algal production in aquacultural reuses?
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What percentage of protein is contained in algal cells produced during wastewater treatment?
What percentage of protein is contained in algal cells produced during wastewater treatment?
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What are aquatic macrophytes used for after harvesting?
What are aquatic macrophytes used for after harvesting?
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What are chitin and chitosan isolated from?
What are chitin and chitosan isolated from?
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What are some of the applications of chitin and chitosan?
What are some of the applications of chitin and chitosan?
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What is the primary component of municipal solid waste in low- and middle-income settings?
What is the primary component of municipal solid waste in low- and middle-income settings?
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What is the environmental impact of methane generated from illegal and uncontrolled disposal of solid waste?
What is the environmental impact of methane generated from illegal and uncontrolled disposal of solid waste?
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What is the result of biowaste attracting animals and disease vectors?
What is the result of biowaste attracting animals and disease vectors?
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What are the three factors that influence the feasibility of an organic waste treatment approach?
What are the three factors that influence the feasibility of an organic waste treatment approach?
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What is the primary benefit of recycling bio-waste?
What is the primary benefit of recycling bio-waste?
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What is the result of anaerobic biowaste degradation?
What is the result of anaerobic biowaste degradation?
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Why is biowaste treatment important?
Why is biowaste treatment important?
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What is the equivalent global warming potential of one kilogram of food waste disposed of in dumpsites and landfills?
What is the equivalent global warming potential of one kilogram of food waste disposed of in dumpsites and landfills?
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What is the main objective of organic waste treatment?
What is the main objective of organic waste treatment?
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What is the highest temperature that can be reached in the centre of the windrows during windrow composting?
What is the highest temperature that can be reached in the centre of the windrows during windrow composting?
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What is the main difference between in-vessel composting and windrow composting?
What is the main difference between in-vessel composting and windrow composting?
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What is the role of earthworms in vermicomposting?
What is the role of earthworms in vermicomposting?
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What are the three products generated by slow pyrolysis?
What are the three products generated by slow pyrolysis?
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What is the range of temperatures required for slow pyrolysis?
What is the range of temperatures required for slow pyrolysis?
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What is the name of the emerging technology that involves the use of flies for organic waste treatment?
What is the name of the emerging technology that involves the use of flies for organic waste treatment?
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What is the first step in the vermicomposting process?
What is the first step in the vermicomposting process?
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What is the main difference between a rapid thermophilic digester and a normal biodigester?
What is the main difference between a rapid thermophilic digester and a normal biodigester?
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What is the temperature range maintained in a thermophilic digester?
What is the temperature range maintained in a thermophilic digester?
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What is the product of rapid thermophilic digestion that can be used on soil?
What is the product of rapid thermophilic digestion that can be used on soil?
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What is the most common application of thermophilic aerobic digestion?
What is the most common application of thermophilic aerobic digestion?
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What is the benefit of using enzymes over chemical catalysts in wastewater treatment?
What is the benefit of using enzymes over chemical catalysts in wastewater treatment?
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What is the advantage of using immobilized enzymes in organic waste recycling?
What is the advantage of using immobilized enzymes in organic waste recycling?
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What is an example of an enzyme that can be used to produce biodiesel?
What is an example of an enzyme that can be used to produce biodiesel?
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What is the benefit of integrating various waste treatment technologies?
What is the benefit of integrating various waste treatment technologies?
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What are chitin and chitosan used for?
What are chitin and chitosan used for?
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What is the self-purification process in wastewater?
What is the self-purification process in wastewater?
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What is the purpose of injecting wastewater into wells?
What is the purpose of injecting wastewater into wells?
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What is one of the most common ways of organic waste recycling?
What is one of the most common ways of organic waste recycling?
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What are the advantages of recycling food through animal feed?
What are the advantages of recycling food through animal feed?
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What is the purpose of rendering?
What is the purpose of rendering?
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What is the process of rendering?
What is the process of rendering?
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What are the products of rendering used for?
What are the products of rendering used for?
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Study Notes
Organic Waste Treatment Techniques
- Organic waste, also known as biowaste, makes up a significant fraction of municipal solid waste in low- and middle-income settings, often exceeding 60% of total waste.
- Improper disposal of organic waste leads to methane generation, which has a significant impact on global warming, with methane's contribution to global warming being 87 times higher than CO2 in the near term.
Factors Influencing Feasibility of Organic Waste Treatment Approaches
- Technical feasibility: considers land area, skills, and capacity required to implement and operate the technology, as well as waste feedstock quantity and quality.
- Economic feasibility: includes capital and operational costs, revenue streams from product sales, and job creation.
- Social impact: considers health threats, job creation, and other social aspects of the technology.
Importance of Bio-Waste Treatment
- Bio-waste naturally degrades through biological activity, which may occur aerobically or anaerobically.
- Proper treatment of bio-waste is crucial to reclaim valuable substances, including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other trace elements.
Examples of Bio-Waste Treatment Technologies
- Windrow composting: biodegradable waste is piled up in long heaps, reaching temperatures of up to 70°C, contributing to pathogen and weed seed elimination.
- In-vessel composting (and bin-composting): uses rotating vessels to accelerate the composting process, improving aeration.
- Vermicomposting: uses microorganisms and earthworms to degrade organic matter, generating earthworm castings.
- Slow pyrolysis: decomposes organic material at high temperatures (300-600°C) in the absence of oxygen, producing solid, liquid, and gaseous products.
- Black Soldier Fly processing: uses black soldier fly larvae to break down organic waste, generating valuable products.
- Aquacultural reuses: involves the production of micro-algae, aquatic macrophytes, and fish using organic waste.
- Indirect reuse of wastewater: wastewater can be discharged into rivers or streams, allowing for self-purification through microbial activities.
- Animal feed: agricultural and food waste can be fed to animals as a simple and efficient method of waste recycling.
- Rendering: converts waste animal tissues into stable and usable forms like feed protein.
- Rapid thermophilic digestion: rapidly ferments organic waste using microorganisms at high temperatures, producing a biofertilizer.
- Immobilized enzyme reaction: uses enzymes to degrade organic waste, allowing for important modifications like oxidation, hydrolysis, and phosphorylation.
Integrated and Alternative Technologies
- The integration of various waste treatment technologies can be implemented to optimize resource use, with the waste of one process serving as raw material for another.
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Description
Learn about organic waste, also known as biowaste, and its treatment techniques. Discover how illegal disposal of biowaste contributes to methane emissions and global heating.
