Organic Molecules (MBiol 112)

Questions and Answers

What are organic molecules primarily composed of?

Carbon and its compounds.

What is the general formula of alkanes?

C_nH_(2n+2)

What types of alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary?

Alcohols can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon with the hydroxyl group.

The general formula of aldehydes is _____

RCHO Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is classified as aromatic?

Benzene Signup and view all the answers

What determines the hybridization of organic molecules?

The types of bonds and the number of electron groups around a central atom. Signup and view all the answers

Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain one or more double bonds.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of an ether?

R-O-R' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of hydrocarbons?

Hydrogen and carbon. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of alkenes?

They can undergo addition reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these molecules is a primary amine?

R-NH2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Organic Molecules

Organic molecules are essential components of all living organisms.
Organic chemistry primarily focuses on carbon and its compounds.

Atomic Structure & Bonding

Understand the electronic structure of atoms, Lewis structures, and the octet rule.
Differentiate between types of bonding: ionic vs. covalent.
Evaluate electronegativity and formal charges.
Predict bonding patterns involving carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and halogens.
Assess stabilized structures compared to their resonance forms.

Structural Formulas and Hybridization

Identify common structural formulas used in organic chemistry.
Practice drawing condensed and line-angle structural formulas.
Predict hybridization states and geometric shapes of organic molecules.
Analyze isomers based on structural differences.

Alkanes

Define the general formula for alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicycloalkanes.
Draw structures for alkanes, cycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes, and alkyl halides from names.
Learn the naming conventions for these compounds based on their structures.
Investigate physical properties and stability trends among these classes of compounds.

Alkenes

Determine the degree of unsaturation present in alkenes.
Draw structures of alkenes and cycloalkenes from their names.
Name alkenes and cycloalkenes given their structures.
Examine physical property trends specific to alkenes and cycloalkenes.

Alkynes

Identify the degree of unsaturation in alkynes.
Create structures for alkynes and their derivatives from names.
Name alkynes and derivatives based on given structures.
Review the trends in physical properties for alkynes.

Alcohols & Phenols

Classify alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary, including phenols.
Draw structures of alcohols, phenols, and diols.
Name alcohols, phenols, and diols given their structures.
Predict boiling points, acidities, and solubilities of various alcohols.

Ethers & Cyclic Ethers

Describe the general formula for ethers.
Draw structures for ethers and cyclic ethers from names.
Name ethers and cyclic ethers based on given structures.
Assess trends in the physical properties of ethers.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Classify compounds as aromatic, anti-aromatic, or non-aromatic.
Name aromatic compounds from their structures.
Draw structures of aromatic compounds given their names.
Analyze trends in the physical properties of aromatic compounds.

Aldehydes & Ketones

Define general formulas for aldehydes and ketones.
Name ketones and aldehydes from given structures.
Draw structures of aldehydes and ketones based on names.
Review physical property trends for aldehydes and ketones.

Amines

Classify amines as primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.
Name amines given their structures.
Draw amine structures based on names.
Investigate trends in physical properties among amines.

Carboxylic Acids

Describe the general formula of carboxylic acids.
Name carboxylic acids and their dicarboxylic derivatives.
Draw structures for carboxylic acids based on their names.
Explore trends in physical properties of carboxylic acids.

Grading System

The term grade is an average of lecture and laboratory grades.

Importance of Studying Organic Molecules

Organic molecules are the building blocks of life, found in all living organisms.
Over 50 million known chemical compounds primarily consist of carbon due to its versatile bonding characteristics, allowing it to form four covalent bonds.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of organic molecules, including atomic structure, bonding types, and the octet rule. You will explore Lewis structures, electronegativity, and predict bonding patterns involving essential elements like C, H, O, and N. Test your understanding and deepen your knowledge in organic chemistry!