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Questions and Answers
What factors govern the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?
What factors govern the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?
- The drug's molecular weight
- Type of tablet coating (correct)
- Color of the tablet
- The drug's expiration date
What must a drug pass through after oral administration before reaching the site of action?
What must a drug pass through after oral administration before reaching the site of action?
- The lymphatic system only
- Multiple barriers, alternate sites of storage, and metabolic destruction (correct)
- The circulatory system only
- No other barriers
How can the dissolution rate of a drug be varied?
How can the dissolution rate of a drug be varied?
- By altering the molecular weight of the drug
- By changing the expiration date of the drug
- By changing the color of the tablet
- By adjusting the type of tablet matrix (correct)
What is essential for a drug to do to reach its desired target?
What is essential for a drug to do to reach its desired target?
What is one of the main concerns related to a new drug molecule's passage through the gastrointestinal tract?
What is one of the main concerns related to a new drug molecule's passage through the gastrointestinal tract?
Why is mesalamine not effective when administered orally?
Why is mesalamine not effective when administered orally?
How does olsalazine address the issue of mesalamine's ineffectiveness when taken orally?
How does olsalazine address the issue of mesalamine's ineffectiveness when taken orally?
How does chloramphenicol utilize its water solubility advantage according to the text?
How does chloramphenicol utilize its water solubility advantage according to the text?
Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between the aqueous environment and lipid bilayer cell membrane?
Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between the aqueous environment and lipid bilayer cell membrane?
Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases?
Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases?
What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution?
What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution?
Why do subcutaneous and intramuscular injections show slow distribution of the drug?
Why do subcutaneous and intramuscular injections show slow distribution of the drug?
What purpose does adding the palmitic acid moiety serve in chloramphenicol palmitate?
What purpose does adding the palmitic acid moiety serve in chloramphenicol palmitate?
What is a common characteristic of prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate?
What is a common characteristic of prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate?
How does the ester prodrug form of enalapril compare to the active form enalaprilic acid?
How does the ester prodrug form of enalapril compare to the active form enalaprilic acid?
Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?
Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?
What factors influence the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?
What factors influence the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?
Why is it important for a drug administered orally to go into solution?
Why is it important for a drug administered orally to go into solution?
How can the dissolution rate of a drug be controlled?
How can the dissolution rate of a drug be controlled?
What is a key purpose of chemical modification in drug development?
What is a key purpose of chemical modification in drug development?
What is the purpose of adding the palmitic acid moiety to chloramphenicol to create chloramphenicol palmitate?
What is the purpose of adding the palmitic acid moiety to chloramphenicol to create chloramphenicol palmitate?
What role do prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate play in drug distribution?
What role do prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate play in drug distribution?
Why is enalapril administered as the ethyl ester prodrug rather than the active enalaprilic acid?
Why is enalapril administered as the ethyl ester prodrug rather than the active enalaprilic acid?
Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?
Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?
What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution according to the text?
What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution according to the text?
Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases based on the text?
Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases based on the text?
What is an obstacle faced regardless of the route of administration as mentioned in the text?
What is an obstacle faced regardless of the route of administration as mentioned in the text?
Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between lipid bilayer cell membranes based on the text?
Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between lipid bilayer cell membranes based on the text?
What happens to the concentration of thiopental below its effective concentration following administration?
What happens to the concentration of thiopental below its effective concentration following administration?
How do structural changes in the barbiturate series affect the duration of action and CNS depression?
How do structural changes in the barbiturate series affect the duration of action and CNS depression?
What characterizes the barbiturates with the slowest onset and longest duration of action?
What characterizes the barbiturates with the slowest onset and longest duration of action?
How does redistribution of thiopental into body fat affect its pharmacological response?
How does redistribution of thiopental into body fat affect its pharmacological response?
Olsalazine is a monomer of the pharmacologically active mesalamine.
Olsalazine is a monomer of the pharmacologically active mesalamine.
Chloramphenicol is effective orally because it is resistant to digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract.
Chloramphenicol is effective orally because it is resistant to digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract.
Parenteral administration always involves the oral route for drug delivery.
Parenteral administration always involves the oral route for drug delivery.
The dimeric form of olsalazine is cleaved into two equivalents of mesalamine by bacterial enzymes in the intestine.
The dimeric form of olsalazine is cleaved into two equivalents of mesalamine by bacterial enzymes in the intestine.
Protein binding never affects the availability of a drug for biotransformation or receptor interaction.
Protein binding never affects the availability of a drug for biotransformation or receptor interaction.
The half-life of a drug in the body is not related to its duration of action.
The half-life of a drug in the body is not related to its duration of action.
Drug-protein binding interactions can lead to increased prothrombin time and potential hemorrhage.
Drug-protein binding interactions can lead to increased prothrombin time and potential hemorrhage.
The more hydrophilic a drug is, the more likely it will concentrate in tissue depots.
The more hydrophilic a drug is, the more likely it will concentrate in tissue depots.
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate is the water-insoluble sodium salt of succinate ester.
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate is the water-insoluble sodium salt of succinate ester.
Acitretin, with a 120-day terminal half-life, is recommended for pregnant women.
Acitretin, with a 120-day terminal half-life, is recommended for pregnant women.
Proteins usually break down serum proteins in the systemic circulation.
Proteins usually break down serum proteins in the systemic circulation.
Etretinate has a shorter half-life than acitretin.
Etretinate has a shorter half-life than acitretin.
Thiopental's duration of action can be increased by favoring partitioning into lipid tissue stores.
Thiopental's duration of action can be increased by favoring partitioning into lipid tissue stores.
Barbiturates with polar side chains have a slower onset of action compared to lipophilic thiopental.
Barbiturates with polar side chains have a slower onset of action compared to lipophilic thiopental.
The remaining thiopental diffuses back into tissue depots for a pharmacological response.
The remaining thiopental diffuses back into tissue depots for a pharmacological response.
Barbiturates with a slow onset of action contain lipophilic side chains.
Barbiturates with a slow onset of action contain lipophilic side chains.
How does protein binding of a drug impact the availability for biotransformation and receptor interaction?
How does protein binding of a drug impact the availability for biotransformation and receptor interaction?
In what form does the trypanocide suramin remain in the body, affecting its duration of action?
In what form does the trypanocide suramin remain in the body, affecting its duration of action?
What effect can drug-protein binding have on anticoagulant medications like warfarin?
What effect can drug-protein binding have on anticoagulant medications like warfarin?
What role do tissue depots play in drug distribution?
What role do tissue depots play in drug distribution?
How does the lipophilicity of a drug relate to its concentration in tissue depots?
How does the lipophilicity of a drug relate to its concentration in tissue depots?
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