Drug Distribution
53 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What factors govern the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?

  • The drug's molecular weight
  • Type of tablet coating (correct)
  • Color of the tablet
  • The drug's expiration date

    • What must a drug pass through after oral administration before reaching the site of action?

  • The lymphatic system only
  • Multiple barriers, alternate sites of storage, and metabolic destruction (correct)
  • The circulatory system only
  • No other barriers

    • How can the dissolution rate of a drug be varied?

  • By altering the molecular weight of the drug
  • By changing the expiration date of the drug
  • By changing the color of the tablet
  • By adjusting the type of tablet matrix (correct)

    • What is essential for a drug to do to reach its desired target?

    <p>Avoid chemical modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main concerns related to a new drug molecule's passage through the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Being unable to survive in the intestinal tract due to enzyme degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mesalamine not effective when administered orally?

    <p>It is metabolized to inactive forms before reaching the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does olsalazine address the issue of mesalamine's ineffectiveness when taken orally?

    <p>It is a dimer of mesalamine that gets cleaved by intestinal bacteria to release mesalamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chloramphenicol utilize its water solubility advantage according to the text?

    <p>To interact with taste receptors on the tongue causing bitterness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between the aqueous environment and lipid bilayer cell membrane?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract and mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases?

    <p>To bypass the intestinal barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution?

    <p>Rapid distribution throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do subcutaneous and intramuscular injections show slow distribution of the drug?

    <p>Diffusion from injection site into systemic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does adding the palmitic acid moiety serve in chloramphenicol palmitate?

    <p>To reduce the parent drug's water solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate?

    <p>They are cleaved to smaller compounds to become active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ester prodrug form of enalapril compare to the active form enalaprilic acid?

    <p>The prodrug is more effectively absorbed orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?

    <p>To increase drug absorption into venous circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence the ability of a drug to dissolve when administered orally?

    <p>Chemical structure, particle size, crystal form, tablet coating, tablet matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a drug administered orally to go into solution?

    <p>To facilitate passage through the gastrointestinal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the dissolution rate of a drug be controlled?

    <p>By varying the dosage form and physical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key purpose of chemical modification in drug development?

    <p>To help the drug reach its desired target more effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding the palmitic acid moiety to chloramphenicol to create chloramphenicol palmitate?

    <p>To mask the intense bitter taste of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do prodrugs like olsalazine and chloramphenicol palmitate play in drug distribution?

    <p>They are inactive initially but are converted to active drugs within the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is enalapril administered as the ethyl ester prodrug rather than the active enalaprilic acid?

    <p>To improve oral absorption compared to the active form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must drugs intended to act systemically pass through the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier?

    <p>To reach the bloodstream and distribute throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of intravenous administration in terms of drug distribution according to the text?

    <p>Rapid distribution throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might parenteral administration be preferred in some cases based on the text?

    <p>To bypass the intestinal barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an obstacle faced regardless of the route of administration as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Direct drug placement in tissue depots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does drug distribution involve partitioning between lipid bilayer cell membranes based on the text?

    <p>Cell membrane of mucosal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of thiopental below its effective concentration following administration?

    <p>It disappears into tissue protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do structural changes in the barbiturate series affect the duration of action and CNS depression?

    <p>Decrease duration of action and CNS depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the barbiturates with the slowest onset and longest duration of action?

    <p>They enter and leave the CNS slowly due to polar side chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does redistribution of thiopental into body fat affect its pharmacological response?

    <p>Reduces the pharmacological response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Olsalazine is a monomer of the pharmacologically active mesalamine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chloramphenicol is effective orally because it is resistant to digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parenteral administration always involves the oral route for drug delivery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dimeric form of olsalazine is cleaved into two equivalents of mesalamine by bacterial enzymes in the intestine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein binding never affects the availability of a drug for biotransformation or receptor interaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The half-life of a drug in the body is not related to its duration of action.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug-protein binding interactions can lead to increased prothrombin time and potential hemorrhage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more hydrophilic a drug is, the more likely it will concentrate in tissue depots.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methylprednisolone sodium succinate is the water-insoluble sodium salt of succinate ester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acitretin, with a 120-day terminal half-life, is recommended for pregnant women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins usually break down serum proteins in the systemic circulation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etretinate has a shorter half-life than acitretin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thiopental's duration of action can be increased by favoring partitioning into lipid tissue stores.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barbiturates with polar side chains have a slower onset of action compared to lipophilic thiopental.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The remaining thiopental diffuses back into tissue depots for a pharmacological response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barbiturates with a slow onset of action contain lipophilic side chains.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does protein binding of a drug impact the availability for biotransformation and receptor interaction?

    <p>Limits the amount available for biotransformation and receptor interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does the trypanocide suramin remain in the body, affecting its duration of action?

    <p>Protein-bound form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can drug-protein binding have on anticoagulant medications like warfarin?

    <p>Increases effective concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do tissue depots play in drug distribution?

    <p>Store drugs for prolonged periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lipophilicity of a drug relate to its concentration in tissue depots?

    <p>More lipophilic drugs concentrate less in tissue depots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser